Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- About the Book -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Academic Tendencies -- References -- Chapter 1: Academic Tendencies in Policy Frameworks for Fostering Entrepreneurial Innovations -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Entrepreneurial Innovations and Policy Frameworks -- 1.2.1 Defining Entrepreneurial Innovations -- 1.2.2 Policy Frameworks -- 1.3 The Link Between Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Policy Frameworks On Published Research -- 1.4 Discussing a Research Agenda -- 1.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Leading Trends in Technology Transfer -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methodology -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Evolution of Publications and the Citation Structure -- 2.3.2 The Evolution of Technology Transfer Frameworks -- 2.3.3 The Most Influential Technology Transfer Studies -- 2.3.4 Evolution of the Leading Trends in Technology Transfer -- 2.3.5 Technology Transfer, Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policies -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Empirical Evidence in North America -- References -- Chapter 3: Technology Transfer at U.S. Federal Laboratories: R& -- D Disclosures Patent Applications -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Technology Transfer Mechanism -- 3.3 Empirical Model -- 3.4 Data and Descriptive Statistics -- 3.5 Data and Descriptive Statistics -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Empirical Evidence in Latin America and the Caribbean -- References -- Chapter 4: Ambitious Entrepreneurship and Its Relationship with R& -- D Policy in Latin American Countries -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Theoretical Framework -- 4.2.1 The Role of R& -- D Transfer in Entrepreneurship -- 4.2.2 The Role of Government Intervention in Entrepreneurship -- 4.2.3 The Role of Innovation in Entrepreneurship.

Latin-American countries are characterised by societal problems like violence, crime, corruption, the informality that influence any entrepreneurial activity developed by individuals/organisations. Social innovations literature confront "wicked problems" with strong interdependencies among different systems/actors. Yet, little is known about how firms use innovation to hedge against economic, political or societal uncertainties (i.e., violence, social movements, democratisation, pandemic). By translating social innovation and institutional theory approaches, this study analyses the influence of formal institutions (government programs and actions) and informal institutions (corruption, extortion and informal trade) on the development/implementation of enterprises' technological initiatives for protecting/preventing of victimisation. By using data from 5525 establishments interviewed in the 2012/2014 National Victimisation Survey of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), our findings shows that formal conditions (government programs) and informal conditions (corruption, extortion and informal trade) are associated with an increment in the number of enterprises' social innovations. Our findings also contribute to the debate about institutional conditions, social innovations, and the role of ecosystems' actors in developing economies. A provoking discussion and implications for researchers, managers and policymakers emerge from this study.

The purpose of this article and the special issue is to improve our understanding of the theoretical, managerial, and policy implications of the effectiveness of technology transfer policies on entrepreneurial innovation. We accomplish this objective by examining the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and public policies in the 186 papers published from 1970 to 2019. Our analysis begins by clarifying the definition of entrepreneurial innovations and outlining the published research per context. We then present the seven papers that contribute to this special issue. We conclude by outlining an agenda for additional research on this topic.

The purpose of this article and the special issue is to improve our understanding of the theoretical, managerial, and policy implications of the effectiveness of technology transfer policies on entrepreneurial innovation. We accomplish this objective by examining the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and public policies in the 186 papers published from 1970 to 2019. Our analysis begins by clarifying the definition of entrepreneurial innovations and outlining the published research per context. We then present the seven papers that contribute to this special issue. We conclude by outlining an agenda for additional research on this topic.

Social entrepreneurship has been a subject of growing interest by academics and governments, however little still being known about environmental factors that affect this phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to analyze how these factors affect social entrepreneurial activity, in the light of the institutional economic theory as the conceptual framework. Using linear regression analysis for a sample of 49 countries, is studied the impact of informal institutions (social needs, societal attitudes and education) and formal institutions (public spending, access to finance and governance effectiveness) on social entrepreneurial activity. The findings suggest that while societal attitudes increase the rates of social entrepreneurship, public spending has a negative relationship with this phenomenon. Finally, the empirical evidence found could be useful for the definition of government policies on promoting social entrepreneurship.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los efectos de la diversidad cultural, medida a partir de la fragmentación étnica, lingüística y religiosa, sobre la actividad emprendedora. A partir de datos de 39 países que hacen parte del proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) para el año 2008 y utilizando diversas regresiones lineales, se demuestra la importancia de la fragmentación étnica y lingüística sobre la religiosa, como condicionantes del emprendimiento. En cuanto a las implicaciones, el estudio permite por un lado, avanzar en la relación entre instituciones informales como la cultura y el emprendimiento, desde una faceta más novedosa como es la diversidad cultural en el contexto de la teoría institucional. A su vez, las evidencias encontradas podrían facilitar el diseño de políticas y estrategias de fomento a la actividad emprendedora, en el contexto de globalización actual que favorece la movilidad geográfica y por ende, la diversidad cultural.

This study reviews systematically the existing literature on female entrepreneurial activity in emerging economies. The paper reviews articles included in the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). Based on the main findings, the literature considers three levels of analysis: micro-individual, meso-organizational, and macro-environmental. The results show that the macro-environmental level has perceived higher attention from scholars, while several studies have incorporated the other levels of analysis.

PurposeLittle is known about how subsidies enhance both collaborative and opportunistic behaviours within subsidized industry–university partnerships, and how partners' behaviours influence the intellectual capital dynamics within subsidized industry–university. Based on these theoretical foundations, this study expects to understand intellectual capital's (IC's) contribution as a dynamic or systemic process (inputs?outputs?outcomes) within subsided university–industry partnerships. Especially to contribute to these ongoing academic debates, this paper analyses how collaborative and opportunistic behaviours within industry–university partnerships influence the intellectual capital dynamics (inputs, outputs and outcomes) of the subsidized projects.Design/methodology/approachBy combining two sources of information about 683 Mexican subsidized industry–university partnerships from 2009 to 2016, this study adopted the structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse the effect of collaborative vs opportunistic behaviours in intellectual capital dynamics within subsidized projects.FindingsOur results show three tendencies about the bright/dark side of subsidies within the Mexican industry–university partnerships. The first tendency shows how collaborative behaviours positively influence intellectual capital dynamics within subsidized industry–university partnerships. The second tendency shows how opportunistic behaviours influence intellectual capital impacts (performance) and return to society (job creation). The third tendency shows how initial inputs of subsidized projects generate some expected socio-economic returns that pursued the subsidies (mediation effect of intellectual capital outputs).Research limitations/implicationsThis research has three limitations that provide a future research agenda. The main limitations were associated with our sources of information. The first limitation, we did not match subsidized partnerships (focus group) and non-subsidized partnerships (control group). A qualitative analysis should help understand the effect of subsidies on intellectual capital and partnerships' behaviours. The second limitation, our measures of collaborative/opportunistic behaviours as well as intellectual capital dynamics should be improved by balancing traditional and new metrics in future research. The third limitation is that in emerging economies, the quality of institutions could influence the submission/selection of subsidies and generate negative externalities. Future research should control by geographical dispersion and co-location of subsidies.Practical implicationsFor enterprise managers, this study offers insights into IC dynamics and behaviours within subsidized industry–university partnerships. The bright side of collaboration behaviours is related to IC's positive impacts on performance and socio-economic returns. The dark side is the IC appropriation behind opportunistic behaviours. Enterprise managers should recognize the relevance of IC management to capture value and reduce costs associated with opportunistic behaviours. For the university community, this study offers potential trends adopted by industry–university partnerships to reinforce universities' innovative transformation processes. Specifically, these trends are related to the legitimization of the university's role in society and contribution to regional development through industry–university partnerships' outcomes. Therefore, university managers should recognize the IC benefits/challenges behind industry–university partnerships.Social implicationsFor policymakers, the study indirectly shows the role of subsidies for generating/reinforcing intellectual capital outcomes within subsidized industry–university partnerships. The bright side allows evaluating the cost-benefit of this government intervention and the returns to priority industries. The dark side allows for understanding the need for implementing mechanisms to control opportunistic behaviours within subsidized partnerships. Accordingly, policymakers should understand the IC opportunity-costs related to industry–university partnerships for achieving the subsidies' aims.Originality/valueThis study contributes to three ongoing academic debates in innovation and management fields. The first debate about how intellectual capital dynamic is stimulated and transferred through the collaborative behaviour within industry–university partnerships in emerging economies. The second debate is about the "dark side" of partnerships stimulated by public programmes in emerging economies. The third debate is about the effectiveness of subsidies on intellectual capital activities/outcomes.

Altres ajuts: COLCIENCIAS (617/2013) ; ICREA Academia programme ; This study explores the influence of green entrepreneurial activity on sustainable devel-opment, using institutional economics as a theoretical framework. Also, the role of entrepreneurship policy is analysed in the context of Saudi Arabia. Using information from the General Authority for Statistics from 13 Saudi Arabian cities, the main findings show that green entrepreneurship posi-tively contributes to the economic, social, and environmental components of sustainable development during the period 2012-2017. These results demonstrate a measurable indication of sustainable development outcomes, whereby Saudi Arabian institutions align entrepreneurial activities with a positive triple bottom line effect. Accordingly, these findings contribute new evidence to justify government commitment to supporting green entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia and encour-age future domestic policies.