Abstract How does context influence individuals' misinformation about socially marginalized groups? Scholarship has long found that one's geographical and social environment are important determinants for one's political attitudes. But how these contexts shape individuals' levels of misinformation about stigmatized groups remains an open and pressing question, especially given the swift rise of misinformation in recent years. Using three original surveys, we find that individuals who report more contact with a diverse group of individuals were significantly less likely to be misinformed. These findings are particularly pronounced among white Americans. Moreover, contrary to the popular belief that where one lives is a strong determinant of racial attitudes, we also find that partisan and racial context did not meaningfully shape misinformation. These findings shed light on the factors that helps us to understand the misinformation that exists about this sizable share of U.S. society.
AbstractMight elite cues affect how we vote? Extant literature focuses on effects of elite cues on candidate evaluation or policy preference, but we know little about how they might affect vote method preferences. Drawing on a large survey of validated Florida voters, including those who regularly vote by mail, we find that retrospective and prospective misreporting of vote method prior to the 2020 General Election was driven primarily by support for Trump. The president's supporters who were most politically aware were most likely to disavow their own voting by mail and misreport their anticipated vote method in the November election. Understanding the effects—and limits—of elite cues on the politicization of self-reported political behavior has important implications for pollsters and campaigns, election administrators, voters, and the broader democratic electoral process.
Lors des élections de 2020 aux États-Unis, le candidat démocrate Joe Biden a remporté une nette victoire parmi le collège électoral sur son adversaire républicain, le président sortant Donald Trump. Mais les républicains ont comparativement mieux réussi les élections au Congrès, remportant treize sièges à la Chambre des représentants. Pourquoi les électeurs ont-ils fait basculer une branche du gouvernement – la présidence – en bleu, alors qu'ils ont, dans le même temps, poussé le Congrès vers la zone rouge ? Dans cet article, nous répondons à cette question en analysant les tendances électorales de la vie politique états-unienne de la dernière décennie, regardant les parts de vote sous-tendant chaque branche, au-delà des simples décomptes bien connus des voix du collège électoral et des sièges du Congrès. Nous explorons ces données par districts du Congrès au travers d'une série de cartes et nous analysons comment ils ont basculé entre 2016 et 2020, aux deux niveaux de gouvernement. Notre analyse se concentre sur le fait que les victoires des républicains en 2020 à la Chambre ne compensent que partiellement la performance exceptionnelle des démocrates en 2018. Cela nous amène à nous demander pourquoi les candidats républicains ont réalisé des scores bien pires qu'en 2016, et pourquoi ils n'ont pas été capables de regagner le contrôle du Congrès. Nos résultats montrent qu'en 2020 Donald Trump et les candidats républicains au Congrès ont récolté des scores faibles dans des districts suburbains clés où la population est diverse, donnant ainsi le contrôle, au moins temporairement, des deux branches aux démocrates.
Large-scale ecological restoration is crucial for effective biodiversity conservation and combating climate change. However, perspectives on the goals and values of restoration are highly diverse, as are the different approaches to restoration e.g. ranging from the restoration of cultural ecosystems to rewilding. We assess how the future of nature is envisioned in participatory scenarios, focusing on which elements of rewilding and nature contributions to people have been considered in scenario narratives across Europe. We used the Nature Futures Framework archetypes as a template to synthesize pluralistic perspectives of nature. We found that different values of nature are often represented as counteracting elements and fail to integrate the plural views of nature. Nature as Culture was the main archetype found in the scenarios, usually associated with positive impacts on the non-material benefits to people. Intrinsic values of nature (i.e., Nature for Nature) were associated with positive impacts on regulating benefits and negative impacts on material benefits, being the only archetype of future associated with positive impacts on all three components of rewilding. Nature for Society was associated with moderate positive impacts on material and regulatory nature contributions to people. Business as usual futures were associated with negative impacts on regulating and non-material benefits to people and on all three components of rewilding. Our results highlight two major gaps in the scenarios that should be addressed in participatory restoration planning and models. Firstly, there is a paucity of spatially explicit approaches, with most studies failing to transform the results of participatory scenario planning into model projections. Secondly, we found scenarios that explored co-benefits between multiple nature perspectives were overall missing from the literature. Novel scenario narratives and approaches that explore synergies among different nature values are needed to design future large-scale restoration where biodiversity recovery and human well-being are intrinsically linked and fostered. ; The work was supported by the project TERRANOVA the European Landscape Learning Initiative, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 813904. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of iDiv funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). ; Peer reviewed
This is the second out of three white papers from the TERRANOVA project, The European Landscape Learning Initiative an Innovative Training Network consortium of the European Union's Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions. Between 2019 and 2023, fifteen Early Stage Researchers (ESRs - ie. PhD students) are trained within this project to envision 'nature-based' landscape developments for Europe, relying on an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. TERRANOVA seeks to outline the necessity to promote good communication skills in research to transfer efficiently 'landscape knowledge' to policymakers and the public. This white paper presents TERRANOVA's vision on landscape transformation and stakeholders' engagement in knowledge production. First, we reflect on the relevance of engaging with stakeholders in research. Second, we present the outcomes of a workshop conducted with practitioners in nature conservation and reflect on the challenges they reported to integrate interdisciplinarity in their practice. We conclude that the inclusion of stakeholders and practitioners at every stage is key to ensure that research outcomes have a societal impact. Strengthening this approach will ensure that TERRANOVA ESRs' research outputs are understandable and useful for land managers and decision-makers. HIGHLIGHTS: RECOMMENDATIONS Establishing connections between TERRANOVA and stakeholders involved in landscape management is crucial to ensure the relevancy and usefulness of ESRs' research. TERRANOVA researchers and stakeholders met to discuss how research can be tailored to stakeholders' needs during a workshop on Friday 26th February 2021. TERRANOVA's ESRs collected recommendations for their own research practices that reinforced their willingness to engage with stakeholders, connect with practitioners and rely on participatory methods for landscape management interventions. Stakeholders identified the engagement of different local stakeholders, the coexistence of diverging visions about conservation goals, the unexpected outcomes ...
This is the second out of three white papers from the TERRANOVA project, The European Landscape Learning Initiative an Innovative Training Network consortium of the European Union's Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions. Between 2019 and 2023, fifteen Early Stage Researchers (ESRs - ie. PhD students) are trained within this project to envision 'nature-based' landscape developments for Europe, relying on an integrated and multidisciplinary approach. TERRANOVA seeks to outline the necessity to promote good communication skills in research to transfer efficiently 'landscape knowledge' to policymakers and the public. This white paper presents TERRANOVA's vision on landscape transformation and stakeholders' engagement in knowledge production. First, we reflect on the relevance of engaging with stakeholders in research. Second, we present the outcomes of a workshop conducted with practitioners in nature conservation and reflect on the challenges they reported to integrate interdisciplinarity in their practice. We conclude that the inclusion of stakeholders and practitioners at every stage is key to ensure that research outcomes have a societal impact. Strengthening this approach will ensure that TERRANOVA ESRs' research outputs are understandable and useful for land managers and decision-makers. HIGHLIGHTS: RECOMMENDATIONS Establishing connections between TERRANOVA and stakeholders involved in landscape management is crucial to ensure the relevancy and usefulness of ESRs' research. TERRANOVA researchers and stakeholders met to discuss how research can be tailored to stakeholders' needs during a workshop on Friday 26th February 2021. TERRANOVA's ESRs collected recommendations for their own research practices that reinforced their willingness to engage with stakeholders, connect with practitioners and rely on participatory methods for landscape management interventions. Stakeholders identified the engagement of different local stakeholders, the coexistence of diverging visions about conservation goals, the unexpected outcomes ...
It is widely recognized that social networks and loneliness have effects on health. The present study assesses the differential association that the components of the social network and the subjective perception of loneliness have with health, and analyzes whether this association is different across different countries. Methods: A total of 10 800 adults were interviewed in Finland, Poland and Spain. Loneliness was assessed by means of the 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. Individuals' social networks were measured by asking about the number of members in the network, how often they had contacts with these members, and whether they had a close relationship. The differential association of loneliness and the components of the social network with health was assessed by means of hierarchical linear regression models, controlling for relevant covariates. Results: In all three countries, loneliness was the variable most strongly correlated with health after controlling for depression, age, and other covariates. Loneliness contributed more strongly to health than any component of the social network. The relationship between loneliness and health was stronger in Finland (|β| = 0.25) than in Poland (|β| = 0.16) and Spain (|β| = 0.18). Frequency of contact was the only component of the social network that was moderately correlated with health. Conclusions: Loneliness has a stronger association with health than the components of the social network. This association is similar in three different European countries with different socioeconomic and health characteristics and welfare systems. The importance of evaluating and screening feelings of loneliness in individuals with health problems should be taken into account. Further studies are needed in order to be able to confirm the associations found in the present study and infer causality ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number 223071 (COURAGE in Europe), from the European Commission Horizon 2020 under grant number 635316 (ATHLOS), from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS research grant numbers PS09/00295, PS09/01845, PI12/01490 and PI13/00059, and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation ACI-Promociona (ACI2009-1010). Projects PI12/01490 and PI13/00059 have been co-funded by the European Union European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) "A Way to Build Europe". Laura Rico is supported by the programme "Contratos predoctorales para Formación de Personal Investigador, FPI-UAM", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. Marta Miret is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the postdoctoral fellowship (FPDI-2013-15793). Beatriz Olaya is part of the Sara Borrell postdoctoral programme (reference no. CD12/00429) supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
Structural and intercultural competence approaches have been widely applied to fields such as medical training, healthcare practice, healthcare policies and health promotion. Nevertheless, their systematic implementation in epidemiological research is absent. Based on a scoping review and a qualitative analysis, in this article we propose a checklist to assess cultural and structural competence in epidemiological research: the Structural and Intercultural Competence for Epidemiological Studies guidelines. These guidelines are organised as a checklist of 22 items and consider four dimensions of competence (awareness and reflexivity, cultural and structural validation, cultural and structural sensitivity, and cultural and structural representativeness), which are applied to the different stages of epidemiological research: (1) research team building and research questions; (2) study design, participant recruitment, data collection and data analysis; and (3) dissemination. These are the first guidelines addressing structural and cultural competence in epidemiological inquiry ; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 825884 (SYNergies for Cohorts in Health: integrating the ROle of all Stakeholders, SYNCHROS). AM-H acknowledges the financial support from Institut Català de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) under the ICREA Academia Award
Los diferentes capítulos del presente libro, resaltan la necesidad de historizar, politizar y contextualizar los conceptos usados desde la psicología en sus diferentes ramas. En el marco de lo anterior, considero que, uno de los aportes más relevantes de este texto tiene que ver con la posibilidad de seguir ampliando las márgenes epistémico-teóricas desde donde se ha comprendido la psicología política en el país. Invita, además, a diversificar las formas de llevar a cabo la construcción de conocimiento, acudiendo a métodos de vocación crítica y con énfasis en la transformación. Métodos que, como la IAP, la microetnografía o la hermenéutica ontológica política, reconozcan la importancia del dialogo de saberes y de la colectivización de las comprensiones, a través de análisis colaborativos en los que los participantes no sean vistos como informantes, objetos pasivos a observar, o curar, ni como sujetos epistémicamente inferiores, sino como sujetos políticos, con capacidad de agencia, sujetos históricos, sujetos con cuerpo y emoción, sujetos en creación permanente. ; CONTENIDO: Prólogo, Sara Victoria Alvarado Salgado – Presentación, Álvaro Díaz Gómez y Omar Alejandro Bravo -- Sección uno. Conceptualizaciones de la psicología política en el siglo XXI: La necesaria politización de algunas categorías clínicas, Omar Alejandro Bravo -- Psicología política y crítica desde una perspectiva decolonial y las resistencias autonómicas. Pasos, voces y teorías socioterritoriales en movimiento, Patricia Botero Gómez -- Sección dos. La psicología política en la intervención del conflicto armado: Desaparición forzada, memoria y sufrimiento. De la memoria traumática a la memoria política, Carolina Gómez y Esmeralda Hincapié -- Psicología de la justicia para la construcción de paz en Colombia: una apuesta desde la psicología política, Wilson López-López, Camilo Rincón-Unigarro, Mario Gutiérrez-Romero y Leonardo Rodríguez Cely -- Estrategia de desescalamiento de lenguaje del conflicto armado en twitter® durante un contexto de transición a la paz, Idaly Barreto, Iván Felipe Medina-Arboleda, Laura Sofía Santamaría-Uribe, Nury Stella Medina-Mora y Tatiana Ladrón de Guevara-Sánchez -- Sección tres. La psicología política en la construcción de una cultura de paz: Subjetividad política a partir de la cátedra de la paz Álvaro Díaz Gómez, Subjetividad política para la vida y liderazgo juvenil: una iniciativa de paz desde el territorio, Claudia Tovar Guerra -- Escucha de voces subjetivas diversas. Una herramienta pedagógica para la paz, Olga Lucia Obando S. -- Voces de las mujeres campesinas. Re-significando el uso del poder en la cultura colombiana, Vanessa Sánchez Mendoza
