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The research was conducted to find out why Buddhist ethics important for the economic system, to know the ethics according to Buddhism and the benefits of Buddhist ethics in the global era of the economic system. The data of the research was collected to identify the texts from the Scriptures of the Tipitaka/Tripitaka related to the main problem. All collected data were analyzed and dissected using the theory included structural, hermeneutic, and paticcasamuppada functionalism. The theories were used to compile the role of the Buddhist ethics in the economic system, the hope was through the role and implementation of the Buddhist ethics in the future will be a living condition for being happy and welfare. Regarding the household (micro) economic system, the Buddhist ethics were used to create a happy and prosperous household life. Thus, the householders were free from poverty with the right livelihood, to use wealth properly, and to develop spiritual virtues. Related to the government/state (macro) economy, the Buddhist ethics play an important role in creating happiness to live together in the nation and state. The Buddhist ethics in the economic system offered a middle way system between capitalism and socialism. The Buddhist ethics contributed greatly related to the development of the economic system. It was very relevant in dealing with the current situation, especially, in human character building, developing tolerance, and service culture, social independence building, building, and work ethic enhancing, building an openness spirit, motivation to do better, as an accommodative step facing of the free competition.

The findings show that the integration and adaptation of Dayak Ngaju religious system adherents to Hinduism was done because of both internal and external factors. The internal factor includes the needs for recognition of their basic rights in religion as well as desire for changes, pioneered by intellectuals and leaders of Dayak Ngaju religious system. The external factor includes religious politics, economy, education, religious conversion, as well as the existence of Great Council of Kaharingan Hinduism and the role of State Hindu College of Tampung Penyang Palangka Raya. The adaptation strategies are indicated through accommodative behaviours, revitalization and revivalization, as well as resistance. The implication of the adaptation strategies is that the adherents of Dayak Ngaju religious system are able to maintain Kaharingan identity by calling the religion "Hindu Kaharingan", even though in state administration, the religion is still written as Hinduism. In daily practice, the teachings of Dayak Ngaju religious system can be delivered in its entirety, and the adherents may still have their rights in religious practices, education, economy, and politics just like the adherents of Indonesian official religions.

This research was intended at exploring the ideology behind the war of Puputan Badung. The researchers observed, there were many questions-ideological regarding the attitude of the King and his retinue in conducting puputan. Therefore, the expression of the ideology behind Puputan Badung was very interesting to study. There were three problems are investigated, namely (1) the ideology behind the war of Puputan Badung, (2) the process of implanting the Puputan Badung ideology, (3) the Puputan Badung implementation in the current context. These issues were discussed using several theories namely, the theory of power relations and knowledge, and the theory of deconstruction. This research on its implementation used a qualitative approach. In terms of data analysis, the emphasis was not on measurement but on efforts to describe and explore the various meanings behind socio-cultural actions carried out by humans. The results study showed that the ideology behind the war of Puputan Badung namely, wirang, honor, Rana Yadnya dan Mati Tan Tumut Pejah, and conservatism. The ideology implantation was conducted through several mediums namely, puppetry, literary work, family, and government.