Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the features of the Russian policy of agriculture support in comparison with the EU and the US policies. Comparative analysis is held considering the scales and levels of collective agriculture support, sources of supporting means, levels and mechanisms of support of agricultural production manufacturers, its consumers, agrarian infrastructure establishments, manufacturers and consumers of each of the principal types of agriculture production. The author makes an attempt to estimate the consequences of Russia's accession to the World Trade Organization based on a hypothesis that this will result in unification of the manufacturers and consumers' protection levels in Russia with the countries that have long been WTO members.

During perestroika period (1985-1991) and when the agrarian reform was planned and actually carried out in Russia (1992-2000) a lot of myths emerged about its targets, methods, and consequences. More than 20 years have passed, but many authors instead of analyzing real processes that take place in modern agriculture in Russia still repeat the old myths created before the reform period or in its first years. This paper attempts to compare the myths and reality and find out which of the fears have come true and which have not.

The study is focused on up-to-date tendencies in the development of big and small business in Russian agriculture, their characteristics and adaptation to the market. The impact of economic and ethnographic factors as well as climate conditions and agrarian policy on the development of big and small business in agriculture is analyzed. The author offers the typology of regional agrarian structures of Russian Federation and presents the results of the comparative efficiency analysis of utilization of land and labor by corporate, private farm and subsidiary farm sectors in Russian agriculture.

Das Pilotprojekt der Reorganisierung der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe im Region Nischni Nowgorod zeichnet sich zunächst dadurch aus, daß jedem Eigentümer von Boden- oder sonstigen Besitzanteilen die Möglichkeit der freien Nutzung derselben gegeben wurde, und daß sich innerhalb der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe verschiedene neue Beziehungen herausgebildet haben. Die unterschiedlichen Varianten und Wege der Privatisierung einzelner Kolchose werden im vorliegenden Beitrag erörtert, wobei jedoch insgesamt noch kein ausreichendes Ergebnis über die Erfolge des Projektes vorgelegt werden konnte. (BIOst-Rgl)

The bankruptcy of large agricultural holdings has a very significant impact on production volumes, agricultural incomes, government spending on agricultural development and its effectiveness, consumer spending on food. This is illustrated with the case of the agricultural holding "Eurodon" which became bankrupt in 2019. Its bankruptcy brought down the financial results of the agricultural sector, increased the losses of agricultural organizations of the country by almost three times. The creditors' claims on holding companies recognized by the arbitration court amounted to about 196 billion rubles taking into account the guarantees of agricultural holding organizations among themselves, without guarantees — 53 billion rubles. However, it was possible to sell the holding's assets after bankruptcy for only 6 billion rubles. The main losses were endured by the "VEB. RF" Development Corporation. According to experts, new multi-billion loans are required to resume the holding's operations at the volumes preceding its bankruptcy. The federal budget suffered huge losses due both to non-repayment of loans and to subsidies allocated to the holding for the period of its existence. Losses of the Rostov region are also significant: 6 thousand people lost their jobs (their salary amounted to 2.6 billion rubles a year). Also taxes to the budget, contributions to extrabudgetary funds, etc. ceased. Turkey prices on average increased by 14% in the country. The analysis of the bankruptcy case of "Eurodon" allowed to identify the risks of holdingization and develop a set of measures to reduce them.

In this paper the authors clarify the concept of "national interest", for the sake of which the embargo on food deliveries to Russia was introduced on August 7, 2014. Its impact on Russian agricultural producers, consumers and countries under embargo has been estimated. We find that the embargo had a positive effect on producers of agricultural products and a negative one on consumers. The economies of the countries under embargo have not suffered in general - the share of food in their exports increased as they managed to reorient them on other markets. In Russia the effect of the embargo was influenced by ruble devaluation which encouraged consumers to choose domestic food instead of imported one as less expensive. Growth of Russian production, especially meat, in conditions of decrease of solvent demand has led to changes in price trends. The possibility of food reexport to Russia has become an external positive effect of the embargo for other countries. Using other priorities when choosing countersanctions could make them more targeted having less negative impact on the population of Russia.

The article is focused on the problem of monitoring and evaluation of food security. The necessity of changing the existing Russian approaches is proved, a system of indicators and methods of their calculation are proposed, calculations of integral index of food independence are developed, economic access to the food for the population with different income levels is estimated. Regions with threats of social instability associated with limited economic access to food for a large part of the population are revealed.