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El propósito de este estudio es conocer las características de los roles de género en la salud mental de los estudiantes transgénero en las instituciones educativas y los tipos de violencia que emergen. Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple, con 3 entrevistas en profundidad a jóvenes trans entre los 18 a 20 años, 2 en instituciones educativas de Manizales y en una institución educativa en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero. En septiembre del 2022, se llevó a cabo el trabajo de campo de la pasantía internacional de investigación, y del análisis emergen 3 categorías: la experiencia del tránsito, una búsqueda hacia mi identidad; desde siempre supe que era alguien diferente, e identidades trans, un conflicto para la escuela.

Este trabajo describe el funcionamiento, instrumentos y mecanismos empleados por la Unión Europea en la lucha contra la trata de menores en la UE. En él se analizan los resultados de su gestión con el propósito de identificar, describir y evaluar sus acciones, mediante el análisis de documentos oficiales de la UE, informes de otros organismos internacionales (gubernamentales y no gubernamentales) y diversos artículos académicos. Para ello, se estructura en cinco partes: breve introducción del fenómeno, definición del término trata de menores; focalización del problema en el territorio europeo (dimensión del fenómeno y respuestas de la UE); resultados de la estrategia utilizada, y como parte final un quinto apartado abarcando las conclusiones generales, analizando las políticas y actuaciones estudiadas. ; El projecte analitza de forma descriptiva la missió i el funcionament de l'Unió Europea (UE) al combatre el tràfic d'éssers humans dins del territori europeu, especialment en el cas del tràfic de menors, sent aquest un dels fenòmens criminals que més ha crescut als últims anys, tal i com demostra l'informe Eurostat entre 2010-2012, els Estats Membres de l'UE registraren 30.146 víctimes, de les quals 17% eren nens i nenes. Per entendre la magnitud del fenomen dins de l'àmbit europeu i les solucions plantejades per resoldre-ho, es fa una primera immersió dins de la lògica europea sobre el succés a mode aclaridor sobre la perspectiva de l'UE; centrant-se, en un principi, en polítiques i actuacions generals, per a, posteriorment, donar pas a un anàlisi d'aquelles eines estratègiques útils per a la seva resolució. En tant que els objectius d'aquest treball són identificar, descriure i avaluar les accions de l'UE contra el tràfic d'éssers humans, i especialment el tràfic de menors, es fa una revisió i anàlisi dels documents oficials de l'UE, informes d'altres organismes internacionals (governamentals i no governamentals) i de diversos articles acadèmics. Per això, s'estructura en cinc parts: breu introducció del fenomen, definició del terme tràfic de menors; focalització del problema en el territori europeu (dimensió del fenomen i resposta de l'UE); resultats de l'estratègia utilitzada, i com part final un cinquè apartat sobre les conclusions generals, analitzant les polítiques i actuacions estudiades. A mode de conclusió, es pot extreure que el tràfic d'éssers humans és un fenomen amb una alta mutabilitat i capacitat d'adaptació a noves situacions, fet que comporta la implantació de diferents legislacions i polítiques dels seus Estats Membres, qui, tot i mostrar-se oberts a la cooperació, prefereixen aplicar les seves pròpies eines legislatives, limitant territorialment la jurisprudència de l'UE, dificultant l'aplicació d'iniciatives comuns entre països; en general, complicant la lluita contra el tràfic. Cal ressaltar, com aspecte de gran importància, la vulnerabilitat de les víctimes, especialment de les més potencials (nens), la qual ve donada pels diferents desajusts socials i econòmics, creant necessitats de supervivència, situacions dramàtiques i possibles solucions dràstiques i perjudicials per a les pròpies futures víctimes.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that can be intracellularly produced by microorganisms valorizing organic-rich wastes. In the present study, a PHA production system was fed with mussel cooker wastewater after acidogenic fermentation. Besides low pH (4.0 ± 0.3) and high salt (21.7 ± 2.9 g NaCl/L) concentrations, this wastewater also contained nitrogen concentrations (0.8 ± 0.1 g N/L), which were previously reported to be a challenge to the PHA accumulating bacteria enrichment. Bacteria with a PHA storage capacity were selected in an enrichment sequencing batch reactor (SBR) after 60 days of operation. The enriched mixed microbial culture (MMC) was mainly formed by microorganisms from phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Azoarcus, Comamonas and Thauera from phylum Proteobacteria. The MMC was able to accumulate up to 25 wt% of PHA that was mainly limited by the wastewater nitrogen content, which promoted biomass growth instead of PHA accumulation. Indeed, when the presence of nutrient was limited, PHA stored in the accumulation reactor increased to up to 40.9 wt%. This work demonstrated the feasibility of the enrichment of a MMC with a PHA storage ability valorizing the fish-canning industrial wastewater at low pH, which is generally difficult to treat in wastewater treatment plants ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government (AEI) through the FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) and TREASURE (CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R) projects. The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC ED431C 2017/29 and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01). All these programs are co-funded by the FEDER (EU) ; SI

The use of wastewater streams to obtain polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as high added-value products is widely studied. However, nitrogen removal is not well integrated into this process. In this study, the optimal conditions to track the specific endogenous denitrifying activity (SEDA) driven by PHA as carbon source were selected as: sludge concentration of 0.5–2 g VSS/L, CODPHA/N ratio higher than 5.4 g/g and between 40 and 60 mg NO3−-N/L. The seeding biomass used to perform the activity tests was collected from two sequencing batch reactors and was able to store up to 69% wt/wt of PHA. SEDA values of 0.26–0.39 g N2-N/(g VSSact d) were achieved, which proved the potential of PHA-accumulating mixed microbial cultures to be used in nitrogen removal processes. The results indicated that there is not a preference in the consumption of hydroxybutyrate over hydroxyvalerate and that PHA concentrations lower than 5% wt/wt do not allow the obtainment of the maximum SEDA value. Finally, N2O gas production was not detected in the SEDA experiments ; The authors would like to thank the Spanish Government (AEI) for funding in the frame of the projects TREASURE (CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R) and AQUAVAL (PCIN-2017-047), this last also funded by EU in the frame of the collaborative international Consortium AQUAVAL financed under the ERA-NET WaterWorks2015 Cofunded Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2016 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC-ED431C 2017-29) and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01), co-funded by FEDER (UE). Angeles Val del Rio is a Xunta de Galicia fellow (ED418B 2017/075) ; SI

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that can be intracellularly produced by microorganisms valorizing organic-rich wastes. In the present study, a PHA production system was fed with mussel cooker wastewater after acidogenic fermentation. Besides low pH (4.0 ± 0.3) and high salt (21.7 ± 2.9 g NaCl/L) concentrations, this wastewater also contained nitrogen concentrations (0.8 ± 0.1 g N/L), which were previously reported to be a challenge to the PHA accumulating bacteria enrichment. Bacteria with a PHA storage capacity were selected in an enrichment sequencing batch reactor (SBR) after 60 days of operation. The enriched mixed microbial culture (MMC) was mainly formed by microorganisms from phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Azoarcus, Comamonas and Thauera from phylum Proteobacteria. The MMC was able to accumulate up to 25 wt% of PHA that was mainly limited by the wastewater nitrogen content, which promoted biomass growth instead of PHA accumulation. Indeed, when the presence of nutrient was limited, PHA stored in the accumulation reactor increased to up to 40.9 wt%. This work demonstrated the feasibility of the enrichment of a MMC with a PHA storage ability valorizing the fish-canning industrial wastewater at low pH, which is generally difficult to treat in wastewater treatment plants ; This research was funded by the Spanish Government (AEI) through the FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) and TREASURE (CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R) projects. The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC ED431C 2017/29 and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01). All these programs are co-funded by the FEDER (EU) ; SI

OBJECTIVES: To develop a method that measures nursing potential through the factor analysis of relevant nursing data and social context by taking maternal mortality as the study problem. METHODS: A Cross-sectional and analytical study, a multivariate analysis was performed. The Nursing Coverage Index, the Human Development Index, population density and the proportion of nurses with a bachelor's degree or upper degree, are studied by federative entity, only data from government sources are used. The Index of Nursing Qualification in Mexico (INQM) was constructed through principal component analysis. RESULTS: The highest correlation was between the INQM and the Nursing Coverage Prioritization Index (NCPI), which was 0.849 (P < 0.01) and showed a strong positive linear relationship. The Population Density Prioritization Index (PDPI) shows a strong positive correlation with the INQM (0.716, P < 0.01). Three factors were extracted by principal component analysis and the INQM was generated with the three main components in a model. There is very low correlation between INQM and maternal mortality rate (MMR) and no statistical significance was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that nursing qualification must include economic, geographic and social variables. The INQM is an indicator that summarises the potential of each federative entity. Given these results, a contribution is provided for the application of these indices, which can help determine nursing potential in a specific geographical region.

This is the peer-reviewed version of the following article: Fra-Vázquez, A. , Pedrouso, A. , Palmeiro-Sánchez, T. , Moralejo-Gárate, H. and Mosquera-Corral, A. (2018), Feasible microbial accumulation of triacylglycerides from crude glycerol. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol, 93: 2644-2651, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5618. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions ; BACKGROUND: Crude glycerol, a by-product of the biodiesel production industry, was used to produce intracellular storage polymers for waste valorization. The enrichment of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) in microorganisms with the ability to accumulate intracellular polymers was performed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) submitted to feast–famine conditions. The effect of different carbon sources in the accumulation of biopolymers was investigated. RESULTS: A MMC enriched in yeast and bacteria was obtained using crude glycerol as feedstock. Accumulation experiments performedwith crude glycerol, synthetic glycerol and synthetic methanol showed the feasibility of theMMCto producedifferent biopolymers. Triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation up to 46wt% in yeast cellswas promoted by the presence of residual lipids in crude glycerol. However, bacteria fromclass Betaproteobacteria used glycerol mainly to accumulate 28wt% of polyglucose (PG) andmethanol as carbon source for cell growth. CONCLUSIONS: Aswaste valorization, a possible advantage which comes out of the present study is the use of open, non-sterile and non-defined systems to produce TAGs. These TAGs can potentially re-enter the biodiesel production process helping on the maximisation of the feedstock used in this process ; This research was supported by the Spanish Government (AEI) through FISHPOL (CTQ2014–55021-R) and GRANDSEA (CTM2014–55397-JIN) projects. The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC ED431C 2017/29 and to the CRETUS Strategic ...

This is a Post-print version of the article ; Aerobic granular sludge represents an interesting approach for simultaneous organic matter and nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. However, the information about microbial communities in aerobic granular systems dealing with industrial wastewater like pig slurry is limited. Herein, bacterial diversity and dynamics were assessed in a pilot scale plant using aerobic granular sludge for organic matter and nitrogen elimination from swine slurry during more than 300 days. Results indicated that bacterial composition evolved throughout the operational period from flocculent activated sludge, used as inoculum, to mature aerobic granules. Bacterial diversity increased at the beginning of the granulation process and then declined due to the application of transient organic matter and nitrogen loads. The operational conditions of the pilot plant and the degree of granulation determined the microbial community of the aerobic granules. Brachymonas, Zoogloea and Thauera were attributed with structural function as they are able to produce extracellular polymeric substances to maintain the granular structure. Nitrogen removal was justified by partial nitrification (Nitrosomonas) and denitrification (Thauera and Zoogloea), while Comamonas was identified as the main organic matter oxidizing bacteria. Overall, clear links between bacterial dynamics and composition with process performance were found and will help to predict their biological functions in wastewater ecosystems improving the future control of the process ; This work has been financed by FISHPOL (CTQ2014-55021-R) and GRANDSEA (CTM2014-55397-JIN) projects from the Spanish Government and co-funded by FEDER. The authors belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC 2013-032, programme co-funded by FEDER, and CRETUS (AGRUP2015/02) ; SI