Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis study analyses the stressful life events experienced in childhood and adolescence and the onset of precocious adulthood among individuals who earn their livelihood in the dump (n = 99) in León (Nicaragua). The results show that the trash pickers of León suffered from many stressful life events during their childhood and adolescence, which were extremely serious and occurred from very early ages. Furthermore, these people began to engage in adult activities at a very early age. Both factors may have a significant impact on the chronicity of the trash pickers' social exclusion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article analyses, from a sample of 860 undergraduates in Nicaragua and El Salvador, how willing they would be to donate money to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) if they lived in an industrialized country as well as their perceptions of the work undertaken by these organizations, the trust they generate, their perception of the effect their work has and how sustainable they think the projects they undertake are, and how they perceive wrongdoing by their members. Are also analyzed how differences in sociodemographic variables, the university at which they study, their political ideology, economic situation, or links to an NGO affect these perceptions. The results show a high degree of willingness to donate money to NGOs if they lived in an industrialized country. With increased willingness being shown by women, the more politicized, those that consider themselves to be poor, and those that work or collaborate with NGOs. Moreover, different degrees of agreement with aspects related to NGOs were found according to the economic situation, the university at which they studied, and the gender of those interviewed.

This article examines the influence of political ideology on meta-stereotypes and stereotypes of homeless people, on the causal attributions of homelessness, and on willingness to increase public funds allocated to homeless people among the members of three groups in Madrid (Spain): a) homeless group; b) domiciled service-users group; and c) domiciled non service-users group. Results show differences in the influence of political ideology based on having had direct experience of homelessness. Left-wing interviewees showed a greater willingness to increase funds allocated to homeless people, attributed homelessness to societal causes to a greater extent, and showed greater agreement with indulgent stereotypes.

El trabajo analiza las diferencias atribucionales sobre las causas de la pobreza en los países menos desarrollados a las que llegaron universitarios nicaragüenses ("actores") y españoles ("observadores"). La información se recogió mediante un cuestionario autoaplicado que incluía, junto a preguntas de carácter sociodemográfico, una adaptación ampliada del "Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire" (CTWPQ). Los resultados muestran un acuerdo entre españoles y nicaragüenses en lo relativo a las atribuciones sobre las principales causas de la pobreza en las naciones menos desarrolladas, si bien existen diferencias sobre la percepción del nivel de incidencia de las distintas causas en dicha situación. Se concluye que los universitarios nicaragüenses, más que los españoles, atribuyen las causas explicativas de la pobreza a factores de carácter disposicional de la población de los países menos desarrollados.

The aim of this paper was to analyze the factorial structure of the Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire (CTWPQ; Harper, 2002) in Spanish-speaking samples from two countries at different levels of development: Spain (developed nation) and Nicaragua (developing nation). In the
English-speaking samples, the instrument displayed a factorial structure composed of four factors: "Blame the poor," "Blame Third World governments," "Blame nature," and "Blame exploitation" (Harper, Wagstaff, Newton, & Harrison, 1990). Bolitho,
Carr, and Fletcher (2007) have since added a fifth factor: "Blame conflict". In the Spanish-speaking samples, a factorial structure composed of five factors can be observed. The factors are very similar to those obtained from the English-speaking samples.

AbstractPeople in a homeless situation are one of the most obvious embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are a particularly vulnerable group. The article examines some of the differences between women who were mothers and those who had no children in a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain (n = 138). The information was collected using a structured interview. The results show that the women in a homeless situation who were mothers presented extremely difficult life experiences and were a particularly vulnerable subgroup. None of the women in a homeless situation who were mothers lived with their children. The women who were mothers suffered from more chronic homelessness, slept the night in the street more frequently and were in poorer health. Furthermore, throughout their life, the women living homeless who were mothers had experienced more traumatic situations from early ages, with higher levels of psychoactive substance abuse and more problems with the legal system, which could have had a highly negative effect on their relationship and lives with their children. The different circumstances and needs of mothers in a homeless situation require the implementation of prevention and/or treatment approaches aimed at this specific subgroup.

This study analyses the housing characteristics, residential situation, household conditions and satisfaction with social relations of trash pickers ( N = 99) in León, Nicaragua. Results show that the trash pickers in León live in slum households. A large percentage of the trash pickers live in a situation of residential segregation, although a substantial number of them are scattered across different neighbourhoods in the city. However, this does not seem to affect the widespread social rejection perceived by those interviewed. The trash pickers live in overcrowded conditions, despite reporting a high level of satisfaction with their relationships with their relatives.

From information supplied by 1,092 university students from countries with different levels of development, in this work we developed an up-to-date instrument to allow the causes of poverty in developing countries to be studied. Taking the Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire
(CTWPQ; Harper, 2002), the most widely used instrument for this purpose as the starting point, and taking into account contributions made by other authors, The Causes of Poverty in Developing Countries Questionnaire (CPDCQ) was developed. It is an instrument of 20 items organized into 5 factors:
"Blame causes within developing countries", "Blame causes external to developing countries", "Blame attributed to developing countries' populations", "Blame attributed to developing countries' services", and "Blame attributed to the poor
distribution of land in developing countries".

The study examines various aspects (e.g. socio-demographic characteristics, access to economic resources, social support, chronicity and access to new technologies) in a sample of homeless people living in León (Nicaragua; n = 68). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that people experiencing homelessness in León (Nicaragua) have enormous social difficulty, with high levels of chronification. Despite the major cultural and developmental differences between Spain and Nicaragua, there are considerable similarities between people living homeless in the two countries, while there are significant differences compared with waste pickers in León (Nicaragua) regarding the same aspects.