Purpose. The aim of the article is to clarify the content of the concept of culture as an explication of vitality within the philosophy of life and its further modifications in current problems of contemporary. The analysis performed standing from the point, that contrasting of nature and culture is irrelevant, since culture does not contradict natural determinants and patterns, but rather qualitatively alters them. So, are justified the idea of culture as a phenomenon that exist accordingly and in proportion to nature, need to form its potential and content and not contradict the axioms and values of life. Theoretical basis. In the theoretical field of philosophy of life, the local development of the problem of culture as an explication of vitality produces grounds for analytical and prognostic activity concerning meaningful transformations in a separate historical and social horizon. The fundamental categories of culture: spirit, value, symbol, freedom, justice and harmony receive the requested content and meaning. The idea of the constancy and super-naturality of cultural universals is illusory and dangerous. The consequences of such a "non-cosmological" justification of freedom and will, and the assertion of values, that contradict the logic of life, are the global environmental, economic and social crisis of our time. Originality. The originality of the authors' thought lies in the interpretation of the essence of culture as an explication of vitality, as a logical and natural extension of life. In this formulation of the problem of culture, the possibility of reconciling the natural, social and value determinants of human life is formed. Theorists of the philosophy of life substantiated the primacy and supremacy of the values of life over the values and meanings of culture. The position of authors position consists in the need to understand culture as an environmentally appropriate and dimensional phenomenon, the content and strategies of which are determined by a single ontology. Conclusions. The analysis let authors understand the voluntarily chaotic element of life. Culture in its philosophical analysis took on a clearer anthropomorphic dimension: the immanent logic of being in substantiating the essence and purpose of man and the value of his being localized the universe of transcendence in the concept of "living world", "inhabited space", "human, too human". Accordingly, the range of cultural evaluations has been polarized: from the approving statement of its vital essence, to the disparaging calls for its reform. The chaotic state of voluntarily acts is transformed into cultural codes and stereotypes by rationalization. The modern global nature of crisis phenomena, both in the worldview, in the social, and in the ecological dimension, requires reformatting the understanding of culture as a continuation of nature, and not its antipode.
Introduction. The policy of the European Union and many other countries in the field of education and training of personnel with applied qualifications is traditionally focused on the needs of the economy of territories and the competitiveness of enterprises. Currently, a new organisational and managerial model is being approved in the Russian Federation, related to the world practice of innovative management. Some specific management tools of the targeted focus of VET systems on the needs of the economy have repeatedly been the subject of study. However, it has not been decided yet what specific sets of management tools should be used and how to effectively achieve the dynamic balance of personnel supply and demand in regional labour markets.Aim. The present research aimed to establish the features of the targeted managerial focusing of the activities of the regional VET systems on the needs of the socio-economic development of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on the following principles and approaches: system- and activity-based analysis of social objects, comparative analysis and modelling of social systems. The authors applied the metrological principle to compare the obtained values of indicators/indicators of the activity of VET systems with the "standard", which is used as threshold values set by the method of expert assessments or by average values of indicators in current Russian monitoring studies. Aggregated indices were calculated as sums of normalised values of corresponding indicators groups.The following research methods were applied: questioning, expert assessment method, scaling, web analysis, content analysis of documents, methods of mathematical statistics in the processing of sociological data, methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison, and abstraction in the interpretation of research results.The data sources were open-source databases (websites of the government of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, educational authorities, and professional educational organisations); statistical information; expert assessments of regional specialists and specialists of executive authorities in the field of education.Results and scientific novelty. As a result of the study, it was found that the management focus tools of the pilot regional VET system do not fully correspond to the needs of regionally oriented development. Regional differentiation is significant in accordance with most of the parameters, which characterise management tools for orienting the activities of the VET systems to the demands of the external environment. The spread in the values of indicators for the pilot regions reaches 80 %. According to several indicators, the identified differences are due to the different economic conditions of the regions. However, most of the parameters, which characterise the adaptability of regional VET systems, are not related to the economic component of the development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and, are determined mainly by the factors of educational resources management and management models used by educational systems and individual professional educational organisations.Practical significance. The results obtained in the study make it possible to highlight the problem areas in the management of the VET system in the region and to identify reserves for enhancing the compliance of the conditions and results of the VET system and educational organisations with the needs of the socio-economic development of regions. ; Введение. Политика Европейского союза и многих других стран в области образования и подготовки кадров с прикладными квалификациями традиционно ориентирована на потребности экономики территорий и конкурентоспособность предприятий. В настоящее время в РФ утверждается новая организационно-управленческая модель, связанная с мировой практикой индикативного управления. Если отдельные управленческие инструменты целевой фокусировки VET-систем на потребности экономики неоднократно выступали предметом изучения, то вопрос, какими конкретно наборами управленческих инструментов и насколько эффективно достигается динамический баланс кадрового спроса и предложения на региональных рынках труда, остается слабоизученным.Цель исследования – установить особенности целевой управленческой фокусировки деятельности региональных систем СПО на потребности социально-экономического развития субъекта РФ.Методология и методика. Методология исследования базируется на совокупности принципов и подходов: системно-деятельностного анализа социальных объектов, сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа и моделирования социальных систем. Применен метрологический принцип сопоставления полученных значений показателей/индикаторов деятельности систем СПО с «нормативом», в качестве которого используются пороговые значения, установленные методом экспертных оценок либо по средним значениям показателей в актуальных российских мониторинговых исследованиях. Агрегированные индексы рассчитывались как суммы нормированных значений соответствующих групп показателей.Использованные методы исследования: анкетирование, метод экспертных оценок, шкалирование, нормирование, веб-анализ, контент-анализ документов, методы математической статистики при обработке социологических данных, методы анализа, синтеза, обобщения, сравнения, абстрагирования при интерпретации результатов исследования. Источниками данных являлись базы открытых источников (сайты правительств субъектов РФ, органов управления образованием, профессиональных образовательных организаций); информация статистического характера; экспертные оценки носителей регионального опыта и специалистов региональных органов исполнительной власти в сфере образования.Результаты и научная новизна. В результате исследования установлено неполное соответствие управленческой фокусировки системы СПО пилотных регионов потребностям регионально-ориентированного развития. Региональная дифференциация по большинству параметров, характеризующих управленческие инструменты ориентации деятельности систем СПО на запросы внешней среды, весьма значительна. Разброс значений показателей для пилотных регионов достигает 80 %. По ряду индикаторов выявленные различия обусловлены разным экономическим состоянием регионов. Однако большинство параметров, характеризующих адаптивность региональных систем СПО, никак не связано с экономической составляющей развития субъектов РФ и определяется факторами организации образовательных ресурсов и используемыми моделями управления.Практическая значимость. Полученные результаты позволяют высветить проблемные места в образовательной практике регионов и определить резервы для усиления соответствия условий и результатов деятельности системы СПО и отдельных образовательных организаций потребностям социально-экономического развития территорий, в которых они расположены.
