Suchergebnisse

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento de la participación social y política de los jóvenes norteafricanos. Este fenómeno ha adquirido un renovado interés tanto sociológico como político tras las movilizaciones de descontento que protagonizaron fundamentalmente los jóvenes en el Magreb a principio de 2011. Para analizarlo presentamos los resultados de una encuesta a jóvenes activistas de Argelia, Marruecos, y Túnez que hemos realizado durante el Foro Social Mundial (FMS) que se celebró en Túnez en marzo de 2013. La muestra se compone de más de 200 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 35 años y que son miembros de organizaciones de la sociedad civil magrebí. Nos centramos en los aspectos metodológicos del trabajo de campo, el perfil socio-¬‐demográfico de los jóvenes militantes, los objetivos y las causas que orientan la labor de las organizaciones en las que participan, y las opiniones que expresan ante la "Primavera árabe". A modo de conclusiones destacamos las aportaciones de nuestro estudio en relación con las dimensiones de género y las variables nacionales ; The aim of this paper is to progress in the knowledge of participation of young people in collective actions in the North African countries. This is a phenomenon of great interest in terms of sociological and political issues after the massive protests that have been led by young people at the beginning of 2011. We will present the results of a survey of young activists from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. During the World Social Forum (WSF), held in Tunisia in March, 2013, we interviewed a little over two hundred young people between the ages of eighteen and thirty-­‐five, members of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. We will first present the methodologic issue of the fieldwork. Second we analyze the socio-­‐demographic profile of the young activists, the causes which shape the work of the CSOs, the motivations of these young people in participating in collective action and the attitudes they report with regard to the protest movements of 2011 called "Arab Spring". Finally, we will contrast the responses given – on the one hand, in terms of gender, and on the other, of country

In Tunisia, during the initial years of the democratic transition, the number of registered associations has doubled. The few studies available point out that a significant proportion of the new associations? membership is made up of young people. This specific participation of young people in the network of associations that emerged from 2011 onwards is not very well-known either. In this article, we wish to contribute primarily to providing information that facilitates understanding of the changes that have taken place in the associative sector and in the participation of young people in it. Furthermore, we believe that Tunisia is, in a way, a "laboratory" in which civic participation in contexts of democratic consolidation can be explored. Specifically, using data obtained from two surveys conducted in 2015 and 2016 we propose, first, to examine the profile of the young people active in the associations and the areas in which their associations intervene, in order to see to what extent the argument regarding the plural representation of the heterogeneity of young people can be verified through the network of associations. Second, we aim to evaluate the contribution of socialisation through associations to the inculcation of a democratic culture that would be verified in the electoral behaviour of young association activists. Third, we aim to open a debate about the possible ?macro? or systemic effects of these data; that is to say, about the representation of pluralism and diversity in Tunisian society, as well as the legitimation of democratic institutions.

En este artículo sus autores analizan los Contratos Territoriales de Explotación como instrumentos de cambio de la política agraria. Instaurados por la Ley francesa de Orientación Agrícola de 1999, bajo el gobierno socialista de Lionel Jospin, los CTE constituyeron una vía para introducir nuevas formas de abordar las relaciones entre agricultura y territorio a partir del principio de la multifuncionalidad. Los CTE incorporaron una visión territorial en las estrategias de los agricultores al nivel de sus explotaciones, y abrieron el debate sobre la agricultura y el mundo rural a una pluralidad de actores sociales y económicos (consumidores, ambientalistas, silvicultores, cazadores,…). La conclusión del artículo es que el CTE era una medida potencialmente innovadora, que no tuvo, sin embargo, el suficiente apoyo para contrarrestar la oposición de los sindicatos mayoritarios de la agricultura francesa (FNSEA y CNJA). Hoy, paradójicamente, la aprobación del Reglamento 1.698/2005 de desarrollo rural (FEADER) ha renovado el interés por los CTE, recuperando su potencialidad como instrumento de cambio y como vía para aplicar las nuevas orientaciones de la política agraria y rural, tomándose como referencia en varios países de la Unión Europea.

This article explores the gender dimension of young people participation in Tunisian civil society organizations (CSOs) that emerged largely after the 2011 "revolution". The main aims are, first, to provide information on the Tunisian context; second, to characterize this new activism marked by a large participation of young women; and, third, to identify whether there are elements typical of a gender division of positions, responsibilities and activism work. The Tunisian case is very interesting because political transitions are crucial moments for women's rights and associations. Based on two surveys, we put forward the hypothesis that inequality between men and women in the allocation of responsibilities will increase or decrease depending on the degree of gender inequality in the possession of skills and resources (educational, linguistic, socio-economic) and previous experiences of associative socialization. After outlining the national context, we find that the profiles, resources and socialization of activists are relatively homogeneous. However, while women and men gain access to positions of responsibility with some equality via elections to the executive bodies of CSOs, male leadership prevails in ad hoc activities that grant greater individual public recognition and leadership.