Suchergebnisse

So far, Vietnam has 20 cultural heritage by UNESCO honored, while 8 natural heritages, 8 intangible cultural heritages and 4 documentary heritages . standing in the top ASEAN. That is result of the attempt, effort Vietnam government and many Vietnam Cultural agencies, including Vietnam Museum of Ethnology. In this article, I would like to present the concept about cultural heritage in Vietnam and how to implement the conservation it based on the community. Especially the practical experience preserve and promote intangible cultural heritage from Vietnam Museum of Ethnology. Article includes the following items: 1. The concept of cultural heritage in Vietnam 2. Who is the owner of the intangible cultural heritage? 3. Why do we need the participation of the community? 4. The role of museum and community 5. Conservation of cultural heritage from the experience of the museum Cultural heritage includes material and intangible culture, these are two important elements have a mutual relationship and attachment of organic culture in each nation. However, the classification of cultural heritage and intangible cultural objects nonetheless relatively purposes only as a tool for scientific research and management of the state. Essentially every object to be identified as cultural heritage objects or intangible needs a general criterion that must contain the typical value and present: history, culture and science. So ultimately, in any object is always physical manifestation of the presence of cultural values. If it has not contain the value of the intangible cultural aspects, that object exists only as an ordinary items. In addition, the intangible cultural heritages also have a very specific pattern of expression that is determining of the cultural space, attached to a specific community residents and community representatives, they are talented individuals, holding the knowledges, skills, experiences. But only through learning the value of intangible cultures could be reserved, taught and presented in perfective and ...

The study of the impact of globalization on religion and the changes in Vietnam's policies in recent years is a difficult and difficult task to determine accurately. However, the results that this article brings will partly shed light on the religious trends in Vietnam before the impact of globalization and the changes in religious policy of the Vietnamese state today. This study focuses on clarifying religious life in Vietnam; the impact of globalization on religious life in its people; it highlights common trends in religious life, as well as secularization, modernization of religion, diversification of religious activities, new forms of religion, and the characteristics of new religious phenomena. The study also focused on analyzing Vietnam's religious policies; the advantages and limitations of these policies. It can be seen that the change of religious life in Vietnam in the period of renewal is mainly due to the impact of change in the economic, cultural and social life of the renewal of economic development, in the context of globalization, market expansion, and the international integration of Vietnam. Furthermore, it is a consequence of the restoration and increasing need for religious-spiritual life after years of repression by war. Hence, the need for theoretical and practical research on religious trends and policies, to help improve the policies of the Communist Party and the State on religion, guaranteeing democracy and equality in religious activities in Vietnam. ; El estudio del impacto de la globalización en la religión y los cambios en las políticas de Vietnam en los últimos años es una tarea difícil y difícil de determinar con precisión. Sin embargo, los resultados que aporta este artículo arrojarán luz sobre las tendencias religiosas en Vietnam antes del impacto de la globalización y los cambios en la política religiosa del estado vietnamita en la actualidad. Este estudio se centra en aclarar la vida religiosa en Vietnam; el impacto de la globalización en la vida religiosa en Vietnam; que destaca las tendencias comunes de la vida religiosa, así como la secularización, la modernización de la religión, la diversificación de las actividades religiosas, las nuevas formas de religión y las características de los nuevos fenómenos religiosos. También se centró en analizar las políticas religiosas de Vietnam; Las ventajas y limitaciones de esas políticas. Se puede observar que el cambio de la vida religiosa en Vietnam en el período de renovación se debe principalmente al impacto del cambio en la vida económica, cultural y social de la renovación del desarrollo económico, en el contexto de la globalización, la expansión del mercado y la integración internacional de Vietnam. Sin dejar de lado, que es una consecuencia de la restauración y el aumento de la necesidad de la vida religioso-espiritual después de años de represión por la guerra. De ahí, la necesidad de una investigación teórica y práctica sobre tendencias y políticas religiosas, para contribuir a mejorar las políticas del Partido Comunista y del Estado sobre religión, garantizando la democracia y la igualdad en las actividades religiosas en Vietnam.

This thesis consists of three research on the firms' bank financing. The first essay focuses the influences of bank–firm relationships and political connections on firms' access to credit. It uses a manually collected data set of Vietnamese medium-sized enterprises to show that bank–firm relationships (length of relationship with main bank and number of banks) and political connections have complementary effects on maximizing firms' availability of credit. This research has policy implications for emerging economies characterized by local government corruption; it suggests that policymakers should prefer transactional banking systems to relationship banking systems, and it exposes the dark side of bank–firm relationships. The second essay investigates the effects of political connections and local corruption on the structures of firms' bank pools. Using the same data set with our first essay, it finds that politically connected firms tend to establish their main bank relationships with connected banks. It also finds that connected firms reduce their numbers of banks and their diversity of bank ownership types in their bank pools when they achieve main bank relationships with connected banks; such firms maintain these bank pool structures when corruption is prevalent in their home provinces. Results demonstrate that local corruption is associated positively with number of banks and diversification of bank ownership types. The last essay explores the structure of firms' bank pools in emerging economies characterized by corruption. In the proposed theoretical model, firm managers maximize an expected utility function that depends on both firm value and personal consumption. According to the weight they assign to each component, managers choose among three bank pool structures to combine some number of banks and the choice of a main bank that is more or less corrupt. The test of this model relies on the same rich data set with our first essay. The results confirm that firms and banks match, in terms of their levels of integrity. Moreover, firms tend to increase the number of banks in the bank pool when they cannot achieve a relationship with a desirable main bank. ; Cette thèse consiste en trois recherches sur le financement bancaire des entreprises. Le premier essai met l'accent sur l'influence des relations bancaires et des connexions politiques sur l'accès des entreprises au crédit. Il utilise un ensemble de données collectées manuellement sur les moyennes entreprises vietnamiennes pour montrer que les relations bancaires (durée de la relation avec la banque principale et le nombre de banques) et les connexions politiques ont des effets complémentaires sur la maximisation de la disponibilité du crédit pour les entreprises. Cette recherche a des implications politiques pour les économies émergentes caractérisées par la corruption gouvernementale locale ; elle suggère que les décideurs politiques devraient préférer les systèmes bancaires transactionnels aux systèmes bancaires relationnels, et elle expose le côté obscur des relations bancaires. Le deuxième essai examine les effets des connexions politiques et de la corruption locale sur les structures du pool bancaire des entreprises. En utilisant le même ensemble de données que dans notre premier essai, nous constatons que les entreprises politiquement connectées ont tendance à établir leurs relations bancaires principales avec les banques connectées. Nous constatons également que les entreprises connectées réduisent le nombre de banques et la diversité des types de propriétés des banques dans leurs pools bancaires lorsqu'elles établissent des relations avec les banques connectées ; ces entreprises maintiennent ces structures de pool bancaire lorsque la corruption est répandue dans leur province d'origine. Les résultats montrent que la corruption locale est associée positivement au nombre de banques et à la diversification des types de propriétés des banques. Le dernier essai explore la structure du pool bancaire des entreprises dans les économies émergentes caractérisées par la corruption. Dans le modèle théorique proposé, les gestionnaires d'entreprise maximisent une fonction d'utilité attendue qui dépend à la fois de la valeur de l'entreprise et de la consommation personnelle. En fonction du poids qu'ils attribuent à chaque composante, les gestionnaires choisissent parmi trois structures du pool bancaire pour combiner un certain nombre de banques et le choix d'une banque principale plus ou moins corrompue. Le test de ce modèle repose sur un riche ensemble de données provenant d'entreprises vietnamiennes que dans notre premier essai. Les résultats confirment que les entreprises et les banques sont de même niveau d'intégrité. En outre, les entreprises ont tendance à augmenter le nombre de banques dans le pool bancaire lorsqu'elles ne peuvent pas établir une relation avec une banque principale souhaitable.

This thesis consists of three research on the firms' bank financing. The first essay focuses the influences of bank–firm relationships and political connections on firms' access to credit. It uses a manually collected data set of Vietnamese medium-sized enterprises to show that bank–firm relationships (length of relationship with main bank and number of banks) and political connections have complementary effects on maximizing firms' availability of credit. This research has policy implications for emerging economies characterized by local government corruption; it suggests that policymakers should prefer transactional banking systems to relationship banking systems, and it exposes the dark side of bank–firm relationships. The second essay investigates the effects of political connections and local corruption on the structures of firms' bank pools. Using the same data set with our first essay, it finds that politically connected firms tend to establish their main bank relationships with connected banks. It also finds that connected firms reduce their numbers of banks and their diversity of bank ownership types in their bank pools when they achieve main bank relationships with connected banks; such firms maintain these bank pool structures when corruption is prevalent in their home provinces. Results demonstrate that local corruption is associated positively with number of banks and diversification of bank ownership types. The last essay explores the structure of firms' bank pools in emerging economies characterized by corruption. In the proposed theoretical model, firm managers maximize an expected utility function that depends on both firm value and personal consumption. According to the weight they assign to each component, managers choose among three bank pool structures to combine some number of banks and the choice of a main bank that is more or less corrupt. The test of this model relies on the same rich data set with our first essay. The results confirm that firms and banks match, in terms of their levels ...

'Seit der Pionier-Studie von McCombs und Shaw (1972) in Chapel Hill hat sich der Agenda-Setting-Ansatz zu einem viel beachteten Zweig der Kommunikationsforschung entwickelt. Die Popularität des Ansatzes liegt zum einen wohl in der einfachen, aber höchst überzeugenden Grundannahme der Agenda-Setting-Hypothese: Massenmedien beeinflussen durch ihre Berichterstattung und Hervorhebung bestimmter Themen den Grad der Wichtigkeit, den die Bevölkerung diesen Themen zuweist. Zum anderen stellt Agenda-Setting-Forschung mit ihrer Fokussierung auf langfristige kognitive Effekte eine überzeugende Alternative zur Persuasionsforschung dar, die seit den Wahlstudien von Lazarsfeld und seinen Kollegen (1944) insgesamt eher 'begrenzte Effekte' der Massenmedien auf Einstellung und Verhalten von Rezipienten feststellen konnte. Im Zusammenspiel zwischen Medien-, Politik- und Publikumsagenda konzentriert sich die vorliegende Studie auf das 'public agenda-setting', also auf den Einfluss der Medienberichterstattung auf die Wichtigkeitseinschätzung des Publikums bezüglich der dargestellten Themen. Es wird ein Feldexperiment durchgeführt, das die Agenda-Setting-Funktion von lokalen Medien in Bezug auf Themen von lokaler Relevanz untersucht. In einer Dorfgemeinschaft soll ein von den Forscherinnen selbst verfasster Artikel in die Lokalpresse lanciert werden. Der Artikel beinhaltet ein Thema, das nur für diese Dorfgemeinschaft von Relevanz ist. So soll sichergestellt werden, dass der zu erwartende Agenda-Setting-Effekt räumlich abgegrenzt und damit überhaupt überprüfbar ist. Zu den Vorteilen eines solchen feldexperimentellen Designs gehört die Sicherung der internen und externen Validität, da es überprüfbar ist, ob die Rezipienten den Medieninput auch tatsächlich gelesen haben und das Experiment in natürliche Kommunikationsabläufe der Gemeinde integriert ist.' (Autorenreferat)

This study examines how newsroom work in the United States has changed in response to some of the latest developments in the news media environment. Using nationally representative survey data, we explore what professional routines American journalists have adopted to avoid spreading or being accused of publishing misinformation. Findings suggest that journalists have added new or intensified practices to increase accountability and transparency. In addition, role conceptions, perception of fake news, and responsibility for social media audiences impact the adoption of such practices. Journalists are more likely to embrace transparency than accountability, suggesting the emergence of new journalistic norms in today's newsrooms.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. ; Using the 2016 European Commission's Eurobarometer survey, this study analyzed how a multitude of factors are associated with identification and intention of following proper antibiotic treatment. Multilevel analyses showed that knowledge and information from medical professionals and mass media (individual-level predictors), and advanced access to education (a structural-level factor) are associated with identification. For intention, structural factors (Access to Information & Communications, Health & Wellness, Nutrition & Basic Medical Care) contributed significant variances to the model, in addition to the individual-level effects (sources and trust in medical professionals and mass media). Results demonstrate a need to consider these structural-level influences to shed light on the process though which antibiotic resistance preventions and interventions might impact individuals' health literacy and behavioral outcomes.

In response to rapid changes in the communication environment, nonprofits are increasingly relying on digital technologies to achieve their communication goals. We examine factors influencing nonprofits' digital-based external communication based on a survey of communications directors at transnational nonprofits, with an analysis of each organization's characteristics as described on its Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form 990 and website. Our results show that, at the organizational level, nonprofits with stronger leadership support concerning social media activities were more likely to use different digital platforms and value more various functions of social media for external communication as compared with those lacking such support. At the individual level, communications directors' perceived ease of social media use and time in their current position significantly influenced their emphasis on different functions of social media. This research fills a gap in the literature by analyzing both organizational characteristics and individual communications director's attributes in assessing nonprofits' social media use.

Using the 2016 European Commission's Eurobarometer survey, this study analyzed how a multitude of factors are associated with identification and intention of following proper antibiotic treatment. Multilevel analyses showed that knowledge and information from medical professionals and mass media (individual-level predictors), and advanced access to education (a structural-level factor) are associated with identification. For intention, structural factors (Access to Information & Communications, Health & Wellness, Nutrition & Basic Medical Care) contributed significant variances to the model, in addition to the individual-level effects (sources and trust in medical professionals and mass media). Results demonstrate a need to consider these structural-level influences to shed light on the process though which antibiotic resistance preventions and interventions might impact individuals' health literacy and behavioral outcomes.

Using the 2016 European Commission's Eurobarometer survey, this study analyzed how a multitude of factors are associated with identification and intention of following proper antibiotic treatment. Multilevel analyses showed that knowledge and information from medical professionals and mass media (individual-level predictors), and advanced access to education (a structural-level factor) are associated with identification. For intention, structural factors (Access to Information & Communications, Health & Wellness, Nutrition & Basic Medical Care) contributed significant variances to the model, in addition to the individual-level effects (sources and trust in medical professionals and mass media). Results demonstrate a need to consider these structural-level influences to shed light on the process though which antibiotic resistance preventions and interventions might impact individuals' health literacy and behavioral outcomes.

Abstract
This study advances agenda-setting theory by applying it to understand the media influence on the public's perception of health issues. The longitudinal analysis compared news indices, public opinion polls, and reality indicators in the United States from 2001 to 2010. The results show that news media, especially print media, did have some agenda-setting effects on the public's health priorities. However, the coverage had little to do with reality and, ironically, the media representation of certain health issues showed an opposite trend to that of the reality indicators. These findings call into question the responsibility of journalists in providing a complete and proportional representation of health concerns.