Suchergebnisse

Presenting a sociological perspective on the contemporary gaze on the body of the suspect, this book considers how definitions of criminality, offenses, individual rights, and the concepts of identity and difference, have been altered by changes in the biological status of the human.

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- Introduction -- The Importance of Health Issues and How Those Issues Are Evolving -- An Analytical Framework -- Screening Newborns -- Presentation of the Study -- 1 The Birth of a Screening Policy (Brittany-France) -- A Breton Tale -- History of a National Debate -- 2 On Scientific Grounds -- When Conviction Prevails -- Looking for Evidence -- 3 Governing -- Power Relations -- Governing in Time and Space -- 4 Extending Abnormality -- Techniques and Biological Abnormality -- Managing Uncertainty -- 5 Living with the Disease -- Paediatric Semantic Networks -- Social Life and Biological Life -- 6 Maintaining a Quality Life -- Gaining Time and Passing Time -- The Impact of Newborn Screening on Prenatal Diagnosis -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

International audience ; Recently, genetics knowledge has given rise to new DNA-based tests aimed at inferring suspects' geographic origin. Tis article analyzes how recent practices in this feld have been "problematised" in France, between 2006 and 2014, in Michel Foucault's sense of the term. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work accomplished by actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. Te paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who called upon political and ethical concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the mater are outlined, showing how "points of problematisation" have been construed in terms of prohibition. In conclusion, the article shows how problematisation highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces. ; Recientemente, el conocimiento sobre genética ha dado paso a un nuevo test basa-do en el ADN dirigidos a inferir el origen geográfco de los sospechosos. Este artí-culo analiza cómo se han "problematizado" (en el sentido foucaultiano) en Francia las prácticas recientes en este campo, entre 2006 y 2014. Primero, se examina la implementación de estos test genéticos, centrado en el trabajo llevado a cabo por actores que ayudaron a crear las condiciones previas de esta problematización, pero, al mismo tiempo, intentaron deconstruirlo. Este artículo se centra en cómo se expresa esta problematización, cuestionando los argumentos utilizados, particu-larmente, por sus detractores, quienes destacan las cuestiones éticas y políticas con respecto a los datos utilizados. Finalmente, las actuales regulaciones estatales están demarcadas, mostrando cómo los "puntos de problematización" se han cons-truido en términos de prohibición. En conclusión, el artículo muestra cómo la pro-blematización remarca cambios en nociones contemporáneas de origen y los tipos de sujetos que produce.

International audience ; Recently, genetics knowledge has given rise to new DNA-based tests aimed at inferring suspects' geographic origin. Tis article analyzes how recent practices in this feld have been "problematised" in France, between 2006 and 2014, in Michel Foucault's sense of the term. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work accomplished by actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. Te paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who called upon political and ethical concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the mater are outlined, showing how "points of problematisation" have been construed in terms of prohibition. In conclusion, the article shows how problematisation highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces. ; Recientemente, el conocimiento sobre genética ha dado paso a un nuevo test basa-do en el ADN dirigidos a inferir el origen geográfco de los sospechosos. Este artí-culo analiza cómo se han "problematizado" (en el sentido foucaultiano) en Francia las prácticas recientes en este campo, entre 2006 y 2014. Primero, se examina la implementación de estos test genéticos, centrado en el trabajo llevado a cabo por actores que ayudaron a crear las condiciones previas de esta problematización, pero, al mismo tiempo, intentaron deconstruirlo. Este artículo se centra en cómo se expresa esta problematización, cuestionando los argumentos utilizados, particu-larmente, por sus detractores, quienes destacan las cuestiones éticas y políticas con respecto a los datos utilizados. Finalmente, las actuales regulaciones estatales están demarcadas, mostrando cómo los "puntos de problematización" se han cons-truido en términos de prohibición. En conclusión, el artículo muestra cómo la pro-blematización remarca cambios en nociones contemporáneas de origen y los ...

International audience ; Recently, genetics knowledge has given rise to new DNA-based tests aimed at inferring suspects' geographic origin. Tis article analyzes how recent practices in this feld have been "problematised" in France, between 2006 and 2014, in Michel Foucault's sense of the term. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work accomplished by actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. Te paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who called upon political and ethical concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the mater are outlined, showing how "points of problematisation" have been construed in terms of prohibition. In conclusion, the article shows how problematisation highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces. ; Recientemente, el conocimiento sobre genética ha dado paso a un nuevo test basa-do en el ADN dirigidos a inferir el origen geográfco de los sospechosos. Este artí-culo analiza cómo se han "problematizado" (en el sentido foucaultiano) en Francia las prácticas recientes en este campo, entre 2006 y 2014. Primero, se examina la implementación de estos test genéticos, centrado en el trabajo llevado a cabo por actores que ayudaron a crear las condiciones previas de esta problematización, pero, al mismo tiempo, intentaron deconstruirlo. Este artículo se centra en cómo se expresa esta problematización, cuestionando los argumentos utilizados, particu-larmente, por sus detractores, quienes destacan las cuestiones éticas y políticas con respecto a los datos utilizados. Finalmente, las actuales regulaciones estatales están demarcadas, mostrando cómo los "puntos de problematización" se han cons-truido en términos de prohibición. En conclusión, el artículo muestra cómo la pro-blematización remarca cambios en nociones contemporáneas de origen y los ...

Recientemente, el conocimiento sobre genética ha dado paso a un nuevo test basado en el ADN dirigidos a inferir el origen geográfico de los sospechosos. Este artículo analiza cómo se han "problematizado" (en el sentido foucaultiano) en Francia las prácticas recientes en este campo, entre 2006 y 2014. Primero, se examina la implementación de estos test genéticos, centrado en el trabajo llevado a cabo por actores que ayudaron a crear las condiciones previas de esta problematización, pero, al mismo tiempo, intentaron deconstruirlo. Este artículo se centra en cómo se expresa esta problematización, cuestionando los argumentos utilizados, particularmente, por sus detractores, quienes destacan las cuestiones éticas y políticas con respecto a los datos utilizados. Finalmente, las actuales regulaciones estatales están demarcadas, mostrando cómo los "puntos de problematización" se han construido en términos de prohibición. En conclusión, el artículo muestra cómo la problematización remarca cambios en nociones contemporáneas de origen y los tipos de sujetos que produce. ; Suite au séquençage du génome humain au tournant du deuxième millénaire, la génétique a donné lieu à des transformations sur les conceptions de l'origine des personnes. Les sciences médico-légales ont entrepris de se saisir de ces évolutions en faisant usage de nouveaux tests génétiques dont l'objectif est la prédiction de l'origine géographique d'un suspect. Cet article analyse la manière dont les pratiques récentes en la matière ont été « problématisées » (au sens de Foucault) en France, entre 2006 et 2014, en prenant au sérieux la question du contexte historique et républicain. Tout d'abord, sera présenté le lancement de ces tests, ce qui permettra d'analyser le travail des acteurs qui à la fois alimentent les pré-conditions de la problématisation et cherchent à la déconstruire. L'article poursuivra sur la façon dont la problématisation a été exprimée par les opposants aux tests, à travers des arguments fondés sur l'histoire, le droit et la science, et des interrogations politiques et éthiques sur l'usage des données. Enfin, seront présentées les régulations étatiques à ce sujet, en montrant comment "des points de problématisation" ont été formulés en termes d'interdiction. En conclusion, l'article montrera la manière dont la problématisation met en évidence les transformations de l'origine contemporaine, et les types de sujets produits. ; Recently, genetics knowledge has given rise to new DNA-based tests aimed at inferring suspects' geographic origin. This article analyzes how recent practices in this field have been "problematised" in France, between 2006 and 2014, in Michel Foucault's sense of the term. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work accomplished by actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. The paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who called upon political and ethical concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the matter are outlined, showing how "points of problematisation" have been construed in terms of prohibition. In conclusion, the article shows how problematisation highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces.

International audience ; Recently, genetics has given rise to changes in how people's origin is conceived. Forensics has started using some of these changes in the shape of new DNA-based tests aimed at determining suspects' geographic origin. This article analyses how recent practices in this field have been 'problematised' in France, in Foucault's sense of the term, and gives substantial weight to the country's historical and republican legacy. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work of actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. The paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who ground their stance in history, law, and science, while also invoking ethical and political concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the matter are outlined, showing how 'points of problematisation' have been construed in terms of prohibition. The article concludes by underlining the internal tensions (the 'knot') of the problematisation process, showing how it highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces. More generally, the implications of this study for social science research on origin and on the life sciences are also discussed.

International audience ; Recently, genetics has given rise to changes in how people's origin is conceived. Forensics has started using some of these changes in the shape of new DNA-based tests aimed at determining suspects' geographic origin. This article analyses how recent practices in this field have been 'problematised' in France, in Foucault's sense of the term, and gives substantial weight to the country's historical and republican legacy. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work of actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. The paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who ground their stance in history, law, and science, while also invoking ethical and political concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the matter are outlined, showing how 'points of problematisation' have been construed in terms of prohibition. The article concludes by underlining the internal tensions (the 'knot') of the problematisation process, showing how it highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces. More generally, the implications of this study for social science research on origin and on the life sciences are also discussed.

International audience ; Recently, genetics has given rise to changes in how people's origin is conceived. Forensics has started using some of these changes in the shape of new DNA-based tests aimed at determining suspects' geographic origin. This article analyses how recent practices in this field have been 'problematised' in France, in Foucault's sense of the term, and gives substantial weight to the country's historical and republican legacy. First, the launch of these genetic tests is examined, looking at the work of actors who helped create the preconditions for this problematisation but at the same time tried to deconstruct it. The paper goes on to focus on how this problematisation is expressed, questioning the arguments used particularly by its opponents who ground their stance in history, law, and science, while also invoking ethical and political concerns regarding data use. Finally, current state regulations on the matter are outlined, showing how 'points of problematisation' have been construed in terms of prohibition. The article concludes by underlining the internal tensions (the 'knot') of the problematisation process, showing how it highlights changes in contemporary notions of origin and the types of subjects it produces. More generally, the implications of this study for social science research on origin and on the life sciences are also discussed.

Newborn screening for genetic diseases has developed rapidly in Western countries. These biopolitics raise the question of birth as a sociological "knot" insofar as it is the threshold between the (possibly ill or disabled) child and the fetus. The question therefore addressed in this text, based on a field study of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis in France, is that of the link between the quest for good health (through treatment) and the elimination of poor health (by prenatal diagnosis). Do they reinforce each other or, on the contrary, are they contradictory? I analyze the positions of both mothers of screened children and clinicians regarding the following three points: prenatal diagnosis to preclude sets of sick siblings, identification of heterozygous individuals, and generalized prenatal screening. This study shows how increasingly attentive patient care and an increasingly demanding approach to prenatal diagnosis reinforce one another. It also analyzes the role of taking action early on and evaluating the lives of sick or disabled people in this process. In conclusion, I engage a more general discussion about what I suggest calling a "quality life."

International audience ; Developments in biomedicine have remodelled the time-honoured questions of how to define the normal and the connection between the normal and the norm. This article deals with the expansion of the idea of abnormality through a study of the practices involved in neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in France. It is based on observations made at meetings between paediatricians and geneticists involved in the screening programme, and a seven-month study in a tertiary care centre for cystic fibrosis. On the one hand, the study highlights the technical limitations of screening, which have the effect of expanding biological abnormality. On the other, it deals with the rationales and associated practices used by health care professionals for paediatric monitoring that are behind the expansion of clinical abnormality. Lastly, the consequences of those practices are analysed at the point where neonatal screening and prenatal diagnosis meet, showing how the biomedical norm, with respect to foetuses, is altered. The political and moral space in which this development has occurred is discussed.

International audience ; Developments in biomedicine have remodelled the time-honoured questions of how to define the normal and the connection between the normal and the norm. This article deals with the expansion of the idea of abnormality through a study of the practices involved in neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis in France. It is based on observations made at meetings between paediatricians and geneticists involved in the screening programme, and a seven-month study in a tertiary care centre for cystic fibrosis. On the one hand, the study highlights the technical limitations of screening, which have the effect of expanding biological abnormality. On the other, it deals with the rationales and associated practices used by health care professionals for paediatric monitoring that are behind the expansion of clinical abnormality. Lastly, the consequences of those practices are analysed at the point where neonatal screening and prenatal diagnosis meet, showing how the biomedical norm, with respect to foetuses, is altered. The political and moral space in which this development has occurred is discussed.