Producción Científica ; Se analiza el desarrollo de los sentimientos de identidad común y sus consecuencias en los núcleos urbanos de la Corona de Castilla. Los factores que contribuyeron a su formación fueron: la posesión de un estatuto jurídico propio, el disfrute de privilegios, los intereses económicos comunes, el desarrollo del señorío colectivo y la puesta en escena de elementos simbólicos diversos. No obstante, los supuestos de la identidad común no fueron los mismos para todos los habitantes. Las oligarquías urbanas lo utilizaron para justificar su gobierno, mientras que al resto de vecinos le sirvió para apoyar sus reivindicaciones. ; The author analyzes the development of the feelings of common identity and its consequences in the cities of Castile. The causes of its development were: the possession of an own juridical statute, the enjoyment of privileges, the economic common interests, the development of the collective dominion and the symbolic elements; although, the bases of the common identity were not the same for all the inhabitants. The urban oligarchies used it to justify their government, whereas the rest of neighbours used it to support their claims.
Producción Científica ; Political opposition and social unrest together with financial hardship and the pres-sure of taxation were at the heart of conflict in XV century Castile. This was apparentin the case of converts, struggles amongst rival factions, resistance to the rule of the noblesand disputes over power in the towns. In addition to this were the internal family con-flicts (disputes over inheritance and succession, land and possessions, titles and publicpositions of power) as well as tension caused by day-to-day living together. All of thesesituations involved both men and women alike, albeit differently, depending on thesocial role played by each.
Replanteamiento de lo que tradicionalmente se ha presentado como política internacional de los Reyes Católicos, marcando las diferencias entre las Coronas de Castilla y Aragón -y respectivos intereses-, y poniendo de relieve la directa participación de Isabel en esa política, defendiendo los intereses castellanos. Todo ello es estudiado a partir del problema de las relaciones con Francia. ; The restating of what traditionally has been presented as the international politics of Catholic Kings, marking the differences between the crowns of Castile and Aragon -and their respective interests-, emphasizing the personal participation of Queen Elisabeth in that policy -trying to defend Castilian interests-. All these matters are being studied starting from the trouble with French relationships.
Producción Científica ; El progresivo protagonismo de las ciudades en el panorama económico y político de la Castilla bajomedieval despierta el interés hacia las mismas de las más destacadas fuerzas del reino. No es extraño, entonces, que la corona castellana intente mantener el control sobre los núcleos urbanos realengos, ni que procure intervenir en sus asuntos internos, con el fin de obtener el máximo beneficio para su causa. Efectivamente, la dinastía Trastámara castellana busca imponer su poder y favorecer sus intereses económico-políticos. La acción de la monarquía en esta línea conoce diversas etapas, culminando en los últimos años del siglo XV, ya durante el reinado de los Reyes Católicos. Para conocer la mecánica e intereses que llevan a la monarquía a mantener esa línea de actuación política, no hay que olvidar el intervencionismo directo en asuntos como la imposición del corregidor, el control real de los gastos del concejo, o la necesidad de autorización regia para poder imponer tributos concejiles extraordinarios. Pero sobre todo parece necesario prestar atención a la actitud de la corona en relación con las diferentes fuerzas actuantes en los núcleos urbanos, así como a su posicionamiento respecto a la clase dominante. ; The progressive prominent role of the towns in the economic and political Castilian scene during the late Middle Ages arouses an interest in those (towns) by the most distinguished forces of the kingdom. Therefore, it is not odd that the Castilian Crown should try to keep its control over the Crown urban centers or get involved in their internal affairs, in order to get the highest benefit for its cause. In fact , the Castilian Trastamara dynasty aim to impose their power and get their economic and political interests favored. The monarchy's action in this way, has different stages which end toward the end of the fifteenth century during Ferdinand and Isabella's reign (=The Catholic Monarchs' reign). It is important to keep in mind that the direct intervention of the monarchy in such affairs as the assignment of Corregidores in each town, the Royal control of the council expenditures or the necessary regal authorization for extraordinary council taxes to be imposed in necessary to known of the mechanism and interests wich lead the monarchy to keep that line of political performance. But, especialy, it is necessary to pay attention to the Crown's attitude in relation to the different forces acting in the urban centers and, similary, to their position with respect to the leading class.
Producción Científica ; De acuerdo con el notable incremento que han manifestado los estudios relacionados con las mujeres y el poder en la Edad Media, el presente trabajo pretende exponer algunas de las líneas más destacadas al respecto. Tras una presentación general de los temas tratados en los últimos años, nuestra atención se centrará en la repercusión que la reginalidad y el poder relacional están teniendo en la historiografía actual, por entender que ese aspecto constituye un buen observatorio para presentar lo realizado en diversos campos de estudio. A partir de las investigaciones desarrolladas tanto en EE.UU. como en Europa, se puede observar la carga simbólica y el patrocinio cultural femenino, así como la gestión de sus tierras o la extensión de su autoridad a través de sus servidores. Con el fin de conocer la importancia de la reina y las grandes nobles en la corte medieval y en el poder monárquico, se valorarán las diferentes perspectivas y ópticas desde las que abordar este sujeto histórico. ; Women's Studies have experienced an important expansion in the last years, specially focused in the relationship between women and power. In this sense, this work pretends expound the essential trends about this. Our analysis will be centred in the studies about the medieval Queenship and the partnership of the queen with the other characters of the Court, although, previously, we will develop a synthesis of the principal historiographical advances on Women's Studies. The works of many American and European researchers, demonstrate the symbolic power of the queen and the female cultural patronage, as well as her seigniorial and government functions, or the importance of her allies network. In order to know the Queen significance and the noblewomen in the medieval court, we will value the different perspectives which they let the approach to this historical subject. ; Junta de Castilla y León (VA131A11-1)
Producción Científica ; O Patrimônio em áreas rurais ou urbanas anota a passagem do tempo e da história das comunidades. Evoca memórias locais que permitem ao visitante sentir diversas emoções e passar por várias experiências. Monumentos ou construções mais simples, mais complexos ou até desaparecidos, podem ser transformados em paisagens cênicas e atrair visitantes permitindo conhecer as diferentes perspectivas com que o homem assentou nos espaços num determinado tempo. Propõe-se capturar esses momentos históricos, sobreviventes nos territórios até aos nossos dias e expor o significado estético, social, econômico e político como parte de uma construção espacial preparada para ser visitada e conhecida em comum. Retratamos um elemento de grande relevo para a Península Ibérica – o Rio Douro – e sugerimos que esta herança histórica comum, que se apresenta hoje de formas diversas, seja incluída nos itinerários de forma a revelar cenários interpretados e levar os visitantes a lugares históricos plenos de emoção. Sugerimos como metodologia a reflexão e o debate em torno da revisão da literatura, resultantes de projetos desenvolvidos sobre o tema da água desde 1996, sob a supervisão de Isabel Del Val Valdivieso e com a colaboração de numerosos pesquisadores da Península Ibérica que produziram extensa literatura sobre a temática da presença de água na história. De acordo com os resultados desses projetos, desenvolve-se uma metodologia que possa salvaguardar e comunicar o patrimônio com uma perspectiva de preservação e manutenção da memória para as futuras gerações, em particular do patrimônio desaparecido ou ainda adormecido no subsolo. ; The heritage in urban or rural spaces show the path of time and the history of communities. Evokes local memories that present several emotions and experiences for visitors. Monuments or constructions simpler, more complex or even missing, can be transformed into scenic landscapes and attract visitors allowing them to know the different perspectives with which the man settled in a certain space and a certain time. It is propose to capture these historical moments, surviving in the territory up to the present day and to expose the aesthetic, social, economic and political significance as part of the places construction prepared to be visited and known in common. We have portrayed an element of great importance for the Iberian Peninsula – the Douro River – and we suggest that this common historical heritage, which presents itself today in different forms, be included in the itineraries in order to reveal scenarios and take visitors to historical places full of emotion. We suggest as methodology the reflection and debate around the literature review, resulting from projects developed around water since 1996, under the supervision of Isabel Del Val Valdivieso and with the collaboration of numerous researchers in the Iberian Peninsula that produced extensive literature on the thematic of the presence of water in history. Following the results of these projects, we are able to propose a methodology that could open a new look to the heritage with a preservation and memory maintenance for the future generation, in particular disappeared or hidden underground heritage.
