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This article attempts to summarize the main landmarks of the Gypsy (Romani) Educational History in Russia. Gypsies and non-Gypsies established good relations following their first encounter in 1697. Shortly afterwards Gypsies were separated into urban and camp Gypsies. The urban Gypsies were integrated into high society since their musical performances captured the minds of the Russian aristocracy to a significant extent. Consequently they started to intermarry including in such noble families as: the Golitsyns, the Obolenskis, the Tolstoys, etc. The October Revolution followed by the Civil War destroyed the traditional way of life for the Gypsies. The Pan-Russian Gypsy Union was founded in 1925, in Moscow. It started to promote the ideas of a Socialist way of life. The Gypsies were involved in all spheres of life of the Soviet State: Gypsy (Romani) schools taught children and adults. The parents were involved in all branches of industry and Socialist agriculture (Gypsy collective-farms – 'kolkhozs'). Suddenly the schools were closed in August 1938 by a secret note of the Soviet Government. After WWII many Gypsy wrote letters imploring Stalin to reopen schools, but there were no replies. Later the notable Gypsy poet Nikolai Satkevich managed to open a Gypsy school in Irkutsk (Siberia) in 1963. His example was followed by J. Nielands (Latvia), N. Belugina, L. Manush and L. Cherenkov (Moscow) while the author continued this good tradition in London and the Miheiki settlement (Slutsk region, Belarus'). The versatile literature of the Romani Renaissance left a remarkable legacy about the Romani Renaissance and it inspires other generations to follow this unique process.

The Subsystem of Legislation of Lithuanian Legal System in 1240-1795 This research aims to analyze the legislation subsystem of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795. The author focuses on subjects of legislation, legislative procedures, sources of law and a systematization of law, which existed on both central and local level. The development of the legislation subsystem is viewed through the prism of the legislative standards. The standars include a constitutional principle, a principle of coordination of conflicting interests and an aim to have a systemized law. The identification of some features of the standards helps to understand the quality of changes, which happened in the legislation subsystem. In order to analyze the chosen historical period the author separates it into five shorter periods. The conducted research shows that in 1240–1795 the law was created by the society, the sovereign, the Council of Lords, the Guardianship of the Laws, the Parliament, confederations of boyars and conventions of boyars. Legislation was also conducted by self-governed communities. It is worth noticing that the monarch and boyars possessed wide competence in legislative procedures. On the local level a common feature of legislative procedures was a participation of a community. The main sources of law included a legal custom, a public normative contract, a legal precedent and a normative legal act. The systematization of law was conducted in different ways. Until 1529 the main form of systematization was compiliation. In 1529 codification was introduced. However, on the local level there were no significant efforts to systemize the law. The results of the research suggest that certain features of the legislative standards were inherent in the subsystem of legislation of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795.

The Subsystem of Legislation of Lithuanian Legal System in 1240-1795 This research aims to analyze the legislation subsystem of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795. The author focuses on subjects of legislation, legislative procedures, sources of law and a systematization of law, which existed on both central and local level. The development of the legislation subsystem is viewed through the prism of the legislative standards. The standars include a constitutional principle, a principle of coordination of conflicting interests and an aim to have a systemized law. The identification of some features of the standards helps to understand the quality of changes, which happened in the legislation subsystem. In order to analyze the chosen historical period the author separates it into five shorter periods. The conducted research shows that in 1240–1795 the law was created by the society, the sovereign, the Council of Lords, the Guardianship of the Laws, the Parliament, confederations of boyars and conventions of boyars. Legislation was also conducted by self-governed communities. It is worth noticing that the monarch and boyars possessed wide competence in legislative procedures. On the local level a common feature of legislative procedures was a participation of a community. The main sources of law included a legal custom, a public normative contract, a legal precedent and a normative legal act. The systematization of law was conducted in different ways. Until 1529 the main form of systematization was compiliation. In 1529 codification was introduced. However, on the local level there were no significant efforts to systemize the law. The results of the research suggest that certain features of the legislative standards were inherent in the subsystem of legislation of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795.

The Subsystem of Legislation of Lithuanian Legal System in 1240-1795 This research aims to analyze the legislation subsystem of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795. The author focuses on subjects of legislation, legislative procedures, sources of law and a systematization of law, which existed on both central and local level. The development of the legislation subsystem is viewed through the prism of the legislative standards. The standars include a constitutional principle, a principle of coordination of conflicting interests and an aim to have a systemized law. The identification of some features of the standards helps to understand the quality of changes, which happened in the legislation subsystem. In order to analyze the chosen historical period the author separates it into five shorter periods. The conducted research shows that in 1240–1795 the law was created by the society, the sovereign, the Council of Lords, the Guardianship of the Laws, the Parliament, confederations of boyars and conventions of boyars. Legislation was also conducted by self-governed communities. It is worth noticing that the monarch and boyars possessed wide competence in legislative procedures. On the local level a common feature of legislative procedures was a participation of a community. The main sources of law included a legal custom, a public normative contract, a legal precedent and a normative legal act. The systematization of law was conducted in different ways. Until 1529 the main form of systematization was compiliation. In 1529 codification was introduced. However, on the local level there were no significant efforts to systemize the law. The results of the research suggest that certain features of the legislative standards were inherent in the subsystem of legislation of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795.

The Subsystem of Legislation of Lithuanian Legal System in 1240-1795 This research aims to analyze the legislation subsystem of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795. The author focuses on subjects of legislation, legislative procedures, sources of law and a systematization of law, which existed on both central and local level. The development of the legislation subsystem is viewed through the prism of the legislative standards. The standars include a constitutional principle, a principle of coordination of conflicting interests and an aim to have a systemized law. The identification of some features of the standards helps to understand the quality of changes, which happened in the legislation subsystem. In order to analyze the chosen historical period the author separates it into five shorter periods. The conducted research shows that in 1240–1795 the law was created by the society, the sovereign, the Council of Lords, the Guardianship of the Laws, the Parliament, confederations of boyars and conventions of boyars. Legislation was also conducted by self-governed communities. It is worth noticing that the monarch and boyars possessed wide competence in legislative procedures. On the local level a common feature of legislative procedures was a participation of a community. The main sources of law included a legal custom, a public normative contract, a legal precedent and a normative legal act. The systematization of law was conducted in different ways. Until 1529 the main form of systematization was compiliation. In 1529 codification was introduced. However, on the local level there were no significant efforts to systemize the law. The results of the research suggest that certain features of the legislative standards were inherent in the subsystem of legislation of Lithuanian legal system in 1240–1795.

Tesis dirigida por Ángel Calle. Al inicio de la década de 1980 a partir del final de la dictadura militar, significativos cambios de contexto y son evidentes en el escenario socio-político, económico y organización en Brasil. En este contexto y se vive la construcción, la multiplicación de las experiencias y las cualificaciones de los debates de la agroecología como una herramienta importante para el desarrollo sostenible. Surgen nuevas organizaciones no gubernamentales, movimientos sociales campesinas toman la bandera y la creciente presencia de instituciones gubernamentales y públicas proponiendo políticas públicas para el desarrollo de agroecología. Esta construcción se lleva a cabo dentro de la lógica actual de desarrollo, con la resistencia a algunos de sus requisitos, la creación de herramientas, espacios, valores y perspectivas transformadores, pero al mismo tiempo se crea e incorpora aspectos de la actual condición impuesta por la lógica del capitalismo neoliberal de mercado .