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"Broadening participation" is defined as programs or policies that have the potential to benefit society and contribute to the achievement of specific, desired societal outcomes. This program was created by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) to address the underrepresentation of women, minorities, the disabled, and other groups in NSF's programs and workforce. The U.S. Office of Personnel Management has recently taken steps that could lead to a closer examination of the NSF Broadening Participation Program as a way to deliver key insights into ways to overcome three persistent barriers to broadening participation in the overall federal workforce.

AbstractCompetent leadership is essential to helping achieve agency missions. While governments around the globe invest in leadership development, most struggle to calculate the return on their investment (ROI). The lack of ROI evaluations makes it difficult to maintain leadership development budgets during financial crises and political changes. In this article we outline three methods for assessing ROI for leadership development.

1. The bureaucratic landscape : origin and implications for the federal leader / Patrick S. Malone -- 2. Federal administrative leadership in the American political system / Robert F. Durant -- 3. Theory and practice in federal government executive branch leadership and administration : developing rigorous approaches to effective government / Bill Valdez -- 4. Leadership and management : the use of distributed power and influence in a changing federal government / Andrew Rahaman -- 5. Leadership development : an investment necessary to increase federal employee engagement and federal government productivity / Robert M. Tobias -- 6. Administering and leading in the federal government : the need for an adaptive leadership approach for 21st-century leaders / Ruth Zaplin and Bill Valdez -- 7. Leading with integrity / Donald G. Zauderer -- 8. Communicating to drive engagement and trust / Angelo Ioffreda -- 9. A review of federal government reform initiatives since the passage of the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993 / Nancy Kingsbury -- 10. Change management in federal government organizations / Ruth S. Wagner -- 11. Leading in the context of constitutional government / Joseph V. Kaplan -- 12. Understanding the federal budget : where policy meets money / Neile L. Miller -- 13. Emerging challenges for federal government leaders.

The authors analyze the performance and efficaciousness of agency-based leadership development programs, which ensure that leaders understand trends affecting their jobs, such as risk management or cybersecurity; such programs prepare future leaders for the rigors of driving action across the federal government's $4.4 trillion enterprise that touches the lives of all Americans daily. The depth and breadth of current agency leadership programs vary widely, inhibiting systematic development of tomorrow's government leaders. The report explores five core topics: 1) factors that enable a sustainable agencybased leadership development program; 2) system-level challenges to creating and operating such programs; 3) training and development strategies that have had the most success in the federal government; 4) transferable lessons learned from exemplary agency programs; and 5) ways to demonstrate programmatic return-on-investment (ROI). The report underscores that federal organizations can mount successful leadership development programs, and that the effective practices they have identified provide excellent guides across all facets of the leadership development cycle—enabling government executives to tackle problems with fresh ideas and energy. ; LBJ School of Public Affairs