Suchergebnisse

Resumo: Como se dá a moderação em espaços discursivos digitais? Para responder a esta pergunta, analisamos como a moderação é realizada na ferramenta "Audiências Públicas Interativas" do portal e-Democracia, da Câmara dos Deputados. Utilizamos dois procedimentos de coleta de dados: 1) análise de conteúdo das mensagens postadas pelos moderadores nas salas de bate-papo e (2) oito entrevistas qualitativas realizadas com gestores e moderadores da ferramenta. Os resultados apontam que, apesar dos idealizadores e gestores da plataforma sustentarem a importância de realizarem moderações relacionadas ao conteúdo das audiências, tais como a contextualização do tema a ser discutido, as principais formas de moderação desempenhadas neste espaço digital estão ligadas ao gerenciamento das interações, tais como receber os participantes, prestar informações e solucionar problemas técnicos. Por último, os resultados indicam a necessidade de uma maior coordenação entre as equipes responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento do portal e os moderadores, e uma noção mais clara sobre os papéis que a moderação deve cumprir.

The project "Parents and Teachers Working Hand in Hand : Training Programme for Parents and Teachers of Pupils with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)" was prepared and co-ordinated by Ankara Provincial Directorate for National Education under the European Union Education and Youth Programme, Lifelong Learning Programme within the framework of Grundtvig Learning Partnership. At the planning stage of the project, as the co-ordinating institution, we wanted to prepare a project for pupils with ADHD because we know that, across the world, almost 5% of students suffer from this disorder and they encounter difficulties in their academic life, in their community and in their social relationships. Both parents and teachers encounter difficulties while they are supporting pupils with ADHD in their school lives. As the second biggest local education authority in Turkey, we decided to prepare this project for parents and teachers of pupils with ADHD to make everyone's life easier. We shared our thoughts with different people and institutions from different countries and we realised that it is not only a problem in Turkey but also for other countries. As a result, we developed project partnerships with various educational institutions, universities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from different countries. The project development stage was completed after contributions from all partners. Initially we had started with 8 partners but after approval for the project and the agreement of National Agencies of each partner countries, we implemented the project with 6 partners starting from 1st October 2007 to 31st July 2009.

AbstractObservational cross‐sectional study carried out in a pediatric neurodevelopment unit of a tertiary‐care hospital. A sample of 355 children with median ((min.–max.) 1.0–17.3) years with intellectual disability (30.4% borderline, 43.1% mild, 19.7% moderate, 5.1% severe, and 1.7% profound disability) was seen over a period of 3 years. Based on clinical observation and psychological evaluation, a neurodevelopmental pediatrician selected ICF‐CY body functions codes, and respective qualifiers, to effectively describe functioning of children. Based on evaluation reports, a psychologist and a special educator assigned the previously chosen ICF‐CY body functions codes to 139 and 67 children, respectively. Inter‐rater agreement was estimated using simple and weighted Cohen's kappa coefficients and Gwet's AC1 statistic and Gwet's weighted kappa coefficient statistic. A set of eight ICF‐CY codes was identified as efficiently describing impairments of body functions of children with intellectual disability: global mental functions b117 and b122; specific mental functions b147, b163, b164, and b167; and voice and speech functions b320 and b330. Results indicate a correspondence between the level of severity of qualifiers assigned to ICF‐CY codes and the level of intellectual disability. Inter‐rater agreement was variable among raters, with the best agreements found for qualifying intellectual functions (b117) and psychomotor functions (b122). A profile of eight ICF‐CY codes effectively describes functioning of children with intellectual disability, providing an alternative to medically based classification, based on diagnoses with functionally based classification of children's characteristics. The findings contribute to define a comprehensive set of codes to reliably record individual differences of functioning in this population.

O presente trabalho descreve a otimização e validação de um método para determinação direta de cádmio em amostras de vinho por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica (ET AAS). A otimização foi realizada empregando um planejamento fatorial completo de 2 níveis, incluindo os fatores: tempo (10 s) e temperatura de pirólise (600 oC), temperatura de atomização (1300 oC) e massa de modificador (15 μg). Sob as condições otimizadas, foi encontrada uma massa característica de 0,7 pg, limite de detecção e quantificação de 0,030 e 0,100 μg L−1, respectivamente, para um volume de amostra de 20 μL. A precisão foi de 0,30, 0,37 e 0,49% (RSD) para amostras de vinho com concentrações de 1,286, 0,266 e 0.356 μg L−1, respectivamente. A exatidão da metodologia de determinação direta empregando ET AAS foi avaliada por comparação usando um método de digestão ácida e determinação também por ET AAS para cinco amostras de vinho. O método foi aplicado para determinação de cádmio em 30 amostras de vinhos brasileiros. A concentração de cádmio variou de 0,146 a 1,563 μg L−1, cujos valores estão abaixo do nível máximo permitido pela Organização Internacional de Vinha e Vinho (OIV) e pela legislação brasileira, 10 μg L−1. ; This work describes the optimization and validation of a direct method employing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) for the determination of cadmium in wine. The optimization step was carried out using a two-level full factorial design, involving the followings factors: pyrolysis time (10 s) and temperature (600 oC), atomization temperature (1300 oC) and modifier mass (15 μg). Under the optimized conditions, a characteristic mass of 0.7 pg and limits of detection and quantification of 0.030 and 0.100 μg L−1, respectively, were obtained using a sample volume of 20 μL. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %) was 0.30, 0.37 and 0.49% for wines with cadmium concentrations of 1.286, 0.266 and 0.356 μg L−1, respectively. The accuracy of the new direct determination methodology applying ET AAS was assessed by comparison with an acid digestion methodology, also with determination by ET AAS, using five wine samples. The proposed method was applied for the determination of cadmium in 30 Brazilian wine samples. The cadmium content varied from 0.146 to 1.563 μg L−1; all these values are lower than the permissible maximum level stipulated by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) and also by Brazilian legislation, which is 10 μg L−1.

O presente trabalho descreve a otimização e validação de um método para determinação direta de cádmio em amostras de vinho por espectrometria de absorção atômica com atomização eletrotérmica (ET AAS). A otimização foi realizada empregando um planejamento fatorial completo de 2 níveis, incluindo os fatores: tempo (10 s) e temperatura de pirólise (600 oC), temperatura de atomização (1300 oC) e massa de modificador (15 μg). Sob as condições otimizadas, foi encontrada uma massa característica de 0,7 pg, limite de detecção e quantificação de 0,030 e 0,100 μg L−1, respectivamente, para um volume de amostra de 20 μL. A precisão foi de 0,30, 0,37 e 0,49% (RSD) para amostras de vinho com concentrações de 1,286, 0,266 e 0.356 μg L−1, respectivamente. A exatidão da metodologia de determinação direta empregando ET AAS foi avaliada por comparação usando um método de digestão ácida e determinação também por ET AAS para cinco amostras de vinho. O método foi aplicado para determinação de cádmio em 30 amostras de vinhos brasileiros. A concentração de cádmio variou de 0,146 a 1,563 μg L−1, cujos valores estão abaixo do nível máximo permitido pela Organização Internacional de Vinha e Vinho (OIV) e pela legislação brasileira, 10 μg L−1. ; This work describes the optimization and validation of a direct method employing electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) for the determination of cadmium in wine. The optimization step was carried out using a two-level full factorial design, involving the followings factors: pyrolysis time (10 s) and temperature (600 oC), atomization temperature (1300 oC) and modifier mass (15 μg). Under the optimized conditions, a characteristic mass of 0.7 pg and limits of detection and quantification of 0.030 and 0.100 μg L−1, respectively, were obtained using a sample volume of 20 μL. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD %) was 0.30, 0.37 and 0.49% for wines with cadmium concentrations of 1.286, 0.266 and 0.356 μg L−1, respectively. The accuracy of the new direct determination methodology applying ET AAS was assessed by comparison with an acid digestion methodology, also with determination by ET AAS, using five wine samples. The proposed method was applied for the determination of cadmium in 30 Brazilian wine samples. The cadmium content varied from 0.146 to 1.563 μg L−1; all these values are lower than the permissible maximum level stipulated by the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) and also by Brazilian legislation, which is 10 μg L−1.