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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose that a moreoptimal regulatory focusin conflict reflects amix of promotion and preventionconsiderations because conflict often elicits needs for promoting well-being as well as needs for preventing threats to security and interests. Two studies using distinct methodologies tested the hypothesis that social conflict is associated with better outcomes when the parties construe the conflict with a regulatory focus that reflects a combination of both promotion and prevention orientations.Design/methodology/approachStudy 1 was an experiment that framed the same low-intensity conflict scenario as either prevention- or promotion-focused, or as both. In Study 2, we mouse-coded stream-of-thought accounts of participants' actual ongoing high-intensity conflicts for time spent in both promotion and prevention focus.FindingsIn Study 1, the combined framing resulted in greater satisfaction with expected conflict outcomes and goal attainment than did either prevention or promotion framing alone. However, a promotion frame alone was associated with greater process and relationship satisfaction. These results were replicated in Study 2.Originality/valuePrior research on regulatory focus has emphasized the benefits of a promotion focus over prevention when managing conflict. The present research offers new insight into how these seemingly opposing motives can operate in tandem to increase conflict satisfaction. Thus, this research illustrates the value of moving beyond dichotomized motivational distinctions in conflict research, to understand the dynamic interplay of how these distinctions may be navigated in concert for more effective conflict engagement. It also illustrates the value of mouse-coding methods for capturing the dynamic interplay of motives as they rise and fall in salience over time.

Part I: Theory -- The how, what, and why of functional synchronization -- Synchronization in the emergence of basic mental functions -- Higher Order Mental Functions -- Mental calibration: The synchronization of mind and action -- Synchronization in the Emergence of Social Relations -- Synchronization in Groups and Societies -- Part II: Social Relevance -- What makes profound, peaceful social transitions successful? The example of the underground Solidarity movement -- Social Entrepreneurs and Social Synchronization -- Family Therapy: In and Out of SYNC -- Epilogue: Intermittent synchronization in context.

Decades of research on social conflict has contributed to researchers' understanding of a wide variety of psychological, social, and community-based aspects of conflict escalation and intractability. However, the field has yet to put forth a theoretical model that links these components to the basic underlying structures and dynamics that account for intractability and transformation. This article presents a dynamical systems approach to conceptualizing intractable conflict as a preliminary step toward developing a basic theory of intractability. The authors propose that it is particularly useful to conceptualize ongoing, destructive patterns of conflict as strong attractors, a particular form of self-organization of multiple elements of conflict systems. Their dynamical approach to conflict intractability is outlined, and some preliminary implications of this approach for conflict de-escalation are discussed.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Theory -- 1 The How, What, and Why of Functional Synchronization -- 1.1 Psychological Function -- 1.2 Overview of Synchronization -- 1.2.1 Perspectives on Synchronization -- 1.2.2 The Conceptual Roots of Synchronization in Gestalt Psychology -- 1.3 The Meaning of Synchronization -- 1.3.1 What Is Synchronization? -- 1.3.2 Types of Synchronization -- 1.3.3 Synchronizing Networks of Coupled Dynamical Systems: The Link Between Network Structure and Dynamics -- 1.3.4 Dynamical Mechanisms and Routes to Synchronization -- 1.3.5 Intermittent Cluster Synchronization: Rapid Construction and Deconstruction of a Distributed Function -- 1.3.6 Assembly of Functional Units-A Common Feature Across Scales -- 1.3.7 Dynamics of Functional Units -- 1.4 Synchronization Between Levels of Psychological Reality -- 1.5 Summing up and Looking Ahead -- 2 Synchronization in the Emergence of Basic Mental Functions -- 2.1 The Binding Problem -- 2.2 Neural Synchrony -- 2.3 Neural Mechanisms of Synchronization -- 2.4 Modulating Synchrony Through Instantaneous Changes in Structural Network Properties-A Model -- 2.4.1 Results -- 2.5 From Synchrony to Large-Scale Functional Connectivity and Cognition -- 2.5.1 Dynamics of Functional Connectivity -- 2.6 Summary -- 3 Higher Order Mental Functions -- 3.1 From Flow to Structure -- 3.2 Self-organization in the Stream of Thought -- 3.2.1 The Emergence of Higher-Order Mental States -- 3.2.2 Bi-stability in Mental Structure -- 3.3 Evaluation as the Collective Variable Describing the State of the Mental System -- 3.4 Attractor Dynamics in Mental Systems -- 3.5 Quantifying the Stream of Consciousness -- 3.5.1 The Mouse Paradigm -- 3.5.2 Attractor Dynamics in the Stream of Consciousness -- 3.6 Modeling the Self -- 3.6.1 From Dynamics to Structure -- 3.6.2 From Structure to Function.