Suchergebnisse

En los últimos años, la programación informática se ha hecho más popular. Las plataformas virtuales de aprendizaje se utilizan de diversas maneras para enseñar y aprender distintas materias en distintos niveles educativos, lo que ha dado lugar a diversas iniciativas para este objetivo. El propósito general de esta investigación es evaluar la eficacia de un método de enseñanza que enfatiza el b-Learning y el pensamiento computacional y utiliza la gamificación y las actividades desconectadas para ayudar a los estudiantes de secundaria de Tumaco a aprender a resolver problemas matemáticos. Para ello, se fundamentó bajo un método deductivo, paradigma positivista, enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño experimental, tipo cuasiexperimental de campo y corte transversal. Conformado de un grupo de control una agrupación experimental, enmarcando una muestra de 28 alumnos, con evaluación diagnóstica (pretest), evaluación final (postest) en el que se determinaron las comparaciones en el rendimiento de las actividades previstas. Los resultados logrados, de esta estrategia didáctica sirvieron como instrumento tecnológico para fortalecer las actividades de enseñanza aprendizaje en las matemáticas. Por lo tanto, se evidenció que el uso de esta estrategia de modalidad hibrida con escenarios presenciales, virtuales y del pensamiento computacional produjo un estímulo que influyó positivamente en el aprendizaje de las competencias matemáticas e incrementó la motivación de los alumnos, donde se les facilitó simuladores, programas, recursos educativos digitales de manera lúdica, gamificada, didáctica e interactiva; como resultado hizo que el proceso de aprendizaje sea novedoso y significativo.

Las matemáticas son un tema bien conocido que no gusta en la básica secundaria, como indican las malas valoraciones y los bajos porcentajes de aprobación. Además, los datos de PISA demuestran que los estudiantes colombianos obtienen malos resultados en resolver problemas matemáticos, con resultados estadísticos menores a las previstas. El propósito general de este estudio es evaluar la efectividad del modelo didáctico basado en el b-Learning, el pensamiento computacional, fomentado en la gamificación y actividades desconectadas para fortalecer el aprendizaje de la competencia, resolver problemas matemáticos en los educandos de básica secundaria de Tumaco. La investigación se fundamenta bajo en el método hipotético-deductivo, paradigma positivista, con enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño experimental, tipo cuasiexperimental de campo y de corte transversal. Conformado de un grupo de control una agrupación experimental, enmarcando una muestra de 28 alumnos, la recolección de datos están la técnica e instrumentos como los cuestionarios: evaluación diagnóstica (pretest), evaluación final (postest) en el que se determinaron las comparaciones en el rendimiento de las actividades previstas, se aplicó un formulario de satisfacción a los educandos, donde se evidencio el impacto y percepción de todo el proceso en el que estarán inmersos. Finalmente, este modelo didáctico sirve como instrumento tecnológico para mejorar las actividades de enseñanza aprendizaje. Además, se evidencian que el uso del modelo didáctico y las estrategias de pensamiento computacional mejorará la motivación de los estudiantes para aprender matemáticas.

El presente trabajo de investigación fue llevado a cabo en la empresa INBAVIAL E.P., cuya actividad económica es de ingeniería civil el riesgo es alto acorde a lo que establece la categorización. El propósito de este tema de investigación es implementar un sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional basado en la legislación Ecuatoriana, este sistema de gestión permite tener un conocimiento a nivel administrativo, técnico, talento humano y operativo, esto quiere decir que son cuatro pilares fundamentales los que ejecuta el sistema de gestión, para ello se parte de un manual, el mismo que tiene procedimientos e instructivos, formatos para registros los cuales son auditables y verificables, que permiten cumplir con el ciclo de Deming.Al ejecutar este tema de investigación se comprueba que el sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud ocupacional mejora las condiciones de trabajo de la empresa, debido a que se tiene un control total de cada una de las actividades y condiciones de trabajo. El cambio de esta empresa es radical debido a que la gerencia apoya con los recursos económicos, tecnológicos y humanos buscando la prevención de riesgos laborales (PRL), promoviendo la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores mediante la identificación, evaluación y control de los peligros y riesgos asociados a un entorno laboral, además de fomentar el desarrollo de actividades y medidas necesarias para prevenir los riesgos. ; The present research work was carried out in the company INBAVIAL E.P., whose economic activity is of civil engineering the risk is high according to what the categorization establishes. The purpose of this research topic is to implement a system of Occupational Health and Safety Management based on Ecuadorian legislation, this management system allows to have an administrative, technical, human and operational talent, which means that they are four pillars Which are executed by the management system, for it is part of a manual, which has procedures and instructions, formats for records that are auditable and verifiable, that allow to comply with the Deming cycle.In carrying out this research, it is verified that the occupational health and safety management system improves the working conditions of the company, due to the total control of each of the activities and working conditions. The change of this company is radical because the management supports with the economic, technological and human resources looking for the prevention of occupational risks (PRL), promoting the safety and health of the workers through the identification, evaluation and control of the dangers and Risks associated with a work environment, in addition to encouraging the development of activities and measures necessary to prevent risks.

Despite its argued theoretical benefits, forestry decentralization in practice can have detrimental effects on forest-dependent peoples, but little is understood about the specific paths by which decentralization affects livelihoods. This article, based on data from research in 2005 in Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua, presents a working conceptual model for analyzing these interactions. The research found that vulnerability increased when decentralization was not combined with policies addressing structural inequities-that is, increased municipal government control over land and forests must be accompanied by policies increasing poor local people's access rights and security. At the same time, increased municipal government authority over forest management and monitoring can facilitate access to these and other assets needed for forest livelihoods, but this new responsibility must also be accompanied by improved controls over local authorities. The needed changes rarely come about without specific organized demands of local actors' associations and movements.

© 2021 The Author(s). ; [Objective]: Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a central feature in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accumulating evidence indicates that β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 2 (BACE2) inhibition exerts a beneficial effect on β-cells in different models of T2D. Thus, targeting BACE2 may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of BACE2 suppression on glucose homeostasis in a model of diet-induced obesity. [Methods]: BACE2 knock-out (BKO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 or 16 weeks. Body weight, food intake, respiratory exchange ratio, locomotor activity, and energy expenditure were determined. Glucose homeostasis was evaluated by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. β-cell proliferation was assessed by Ki67-positive nuclei, and β-cell function was determined by measuring glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Leptin sensitivity was evaluated by quantifying food intake and body weight after an intraperitoneal leptin injection. Neuropeptide gene expression and insulin signaling in the mediobasal hypothalamus were determined by qPCR and Akt phosphorylation, respectively. [Results]: After 16 weeks of HFD feeding, BKO mice exhibited an exacerbated body weight gain and hyperphagia, in comparison to WT littermates. Glucose tolerance was similar in both groups, whereas HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and β-cell expansion were more pronounced in BKO mice. In turn, leptin-induced food intake inhibition and hypothalamic insulin signaling were impaired in BKO mice, regardless of the diet, in accordance with deregulation of the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide genes. Importantly, BKO mice already showed increased β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion with respect to WT littermates after two weeks of HFD feeding, before the onset of obesity. [Conclusions]: Collectively, these results reveal that BACE2 suppression in an obesogenic setting leads to exacerbated body weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Thus, we conclude that inhibition of BACE2 may aggravate the adverse metabolic effects associated with obesity. ; This work was supported by projects from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI17/00879 to AN and JMS) and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (BFU2017-89336-R to MV), co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER; A way to build Europe), and by the CERCA Programme and Generalitat de Catalunya (grant 2014_SGR_520). DDC was supported by Conicyt's fellowship from the Government of Chile (72170321-6357/2016). SR is a recipient of a Juan de la Cierva Incorporación (IJC2018-037341-I) program from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work was developed at the Center Esther Koplowitz (Barcelona). CIBERDEM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

Animal models are invaluable for biomedical research, especially in the context of rare diseases, which have a very low prevalence and are often complex. Concretely mouse models provide key information on rare disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies that cannot be obtained by using only alternative methods, and greatly contribute to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options for rare diseases. Despite this, the use of experimental animals remains controversial. The combination of respectful management, ethical laws and transparency regarding animal experimentation contributes to improve society's opinion about biomedical research and positively impacts on research quality, which eventually also benefits patients. Here we present examples of current advances in preclinical research in rare diseases using mouse models, together with our perspective on future directions and challenges. ; This work was supported by a grant from the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (ER18GDT761) to SM-C. Additional support came from: Multi Target and View FEDER/CM-B2017/BMD-3688 and MINECO/FEDER SAF2017-86107-R grants to SM-C and IV-N; CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2017SGR1206), and CIBERER (ACCI18-27) to AP; Miguel Servet program CPII16/00016 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by European Social Fund ESF) to SF; CNIC (ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), Pro CNIC Foundation, Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505) to BI and EO; Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926) to MD. EO was beneficiary of a grant from "Programa de Atracción de Talento" of Comunidad de Madrid (2017-T1/BMD-5185). SM-C holds a ISCiii CIBER postdoctoral researcher contract. The work at CRG was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.

Animal models are invaluable for biomedical research, especially in the context of rare diseases, which have a very low prevalence and are often complex. Concretely mouse models provide key information on rare disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies that cannot be obtained by using only alternative methods, and greatly contribute to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options for rare diseases. Despite this, the use of experimental animals remains controversial. The combination of respectful management, ethical laws and transparency regarding animal experimentation contributes to improve society's opinion about biomedical research and positively impacts on research quality, which eventually also benefits patients. Here we present examples of current advances in preclinical research in rare diseases using mouse models, together with our perspective on future directions and challenges. ; This work was supported by a grant from the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (ER18GDT761) to SM-C. Additional support came from: Multi Target and View FEDER/CM-B2017/BMD-3688 and MINECO/FEDER SAF2017-86107-R grants to SM-C and IV-N; CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2017SGR1206), and CIBERER (ACCI18-27) to AP; Miguel Servet program CPII16/00016 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by European Social Fund ESF) to SF; CNIC (ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), Pro CNIC Foundation, Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505) to BI and EO; Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926) to MD. EO was beneficiary of a grant from "Programa de Atracción de Talento" of Comunidad de Madrid (2017-T1/BMD-5185). SM-C holds a ISCiii CIBER postdoctoral researcher contract. The work at CRG was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya. ; Sí

Childhood obesity is a strong risk factor for adult obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms that link early adiposity with late-onset chronic diseases are poorly characterised. We developed a mouse model of early adiposity through litter size reduction. Mice reared in small litters (SLs) developed obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis during adulthood. The liver played a major role in the development of the disease. ; J.C.J.-C. was supported by grants from FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (SAF2017-84542-R) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI14/00035 and CPII16/00046), co-funded by the European Regional Development Plan, ''A way to make Europe.'' M.P.-V. was recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from Mexico's National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT), Government of Mexico.

Animal models are invaluable for biomedical research, especially in the context of rare diseases, which have a very low prevalence and are often complex. Concretely mouse models provide key information on rare disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies that cannot be obtained by using only alternative methods, and greatly contribute to accelerate the development of new therapeutic options for rare diseases. Despite this, the use of experimental animals remains controversial. The combination of respectful management, ethical laws and transparency regarding animal experimentation contributes to improve society's opinion about biomedical research and positively impacts on research quality, which eventually also benefits patients. Here we present examples of current advances in preclinical research in rare diseases using mouse models, together with our perspective on future directions and challenges. ; This work was supported by a grant from the Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (ER18GDT761) to SM-C. Additional support came from: Multi Target and View FEDER/CM-B2017/BMD-3688 and MINECO/FEDER SAF2017-86107-R grants to SM-C and IV-N; CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya, Autonomous Government of Catalonia (2017SGR1206), and CIBERER (ACCI18-27) to AP; Miguel Servet program CPII16/00016 (Instituto de Salud Carlos III co-funded by European Social Fund ESF) to SF; CNIC (ISCIII, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades), Pro CNIC Foundation, Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505) to BI and EO; Generalitat de Catalunya (Grups consolidats 2017 SGR 926) to MD. EO was beneficiary of a grant from "Programa de Atracción de Talento" of Comunidad de Madrid (2017-T1/BMD-5185). SM-C holds a ISCiii CIBER postdoctoral researcher contract. The work at CRG was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the EMBL partnership, the Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa and the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.

Accelerated postnatal growth is a potentially modifiable risk factor for future obesity. To study how specific breast milk components contribute to early growth and obesity risk, we quantified one-carbon metabolism-related metabolites in human breast milk and found an inverse association between milk betaine content and infant growth. This association was replicated in an independent and geographically distinct cohort. To determine the potential role of milk betaine in modulating offspring obesity risk, we performed maternal betaine supplementation experiments in mice. Higher betaine intake during lactation increased milk betaine content in dams and led to lower adiposity and improved glucose homeostasis throughout adulthood in mouse offspring. These effects were accompanied by a transient increase in Akkermansia spp. abundance in the gut during early life and a long-lasting increase in intestinal goblet cell number. The link between breast milk betaine and Akkermansia abundance in the gut was also observed in humans, as infants exposed to higher milk betaine content during breastfeeding showed higher fecal Akkermansia muciniphila abundance. Furthermore, administration of A. muciniphila to mouse pups during the lactation period partially replicated the effects of maternal breast milk betaine, including increased intestinal goblet cell number, lower adiposity, and improved glucose homeostasis during adulthood. These data demonstrate a link between breast milk betaine content and long-term metabolic health of offspring. ; This work was supported by grants from Ajinomoto Innovation Alliance Program (Ajinomoto 2015-2017) to CL, EFSD/Lilly programme to C.L., and the Spanish Government (SAF-2017-88005-R to C.L. and BFU2017-89336-R to M.V.). D.S.-I. and J.C.J.-C. are Miguel Servet investigators (Carlos III National Institute of Health, Spain). The MILK Study is supported by NIH grant R01-HD080444 to D.A.F. and E.W.D. Mead Johnson Nutrition provided financial support to D.A.F. for breast milk collection, but had no role in study design, study results, or manuscript content. M.C.C. and I.G.-M. acknowledge support from European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Starting Grant 639226).