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In the early twentieth century, an economic doctrine known as "non-proletarianization theory" became influential among left-wing Zionists in Russia. According to this theory, Jewish workers were unable to "proletarianize"—that is, to integrate large-scale industry; hence, Jewish territorial autonomy was required, whether in Palestine or elsewhere. This article analyzes this theory's historical development, focusing on the works of three authors: Haim Dov Horovitz, Yakov Leshchinsky, and Ber Borochov. I claim that discussions of Jewish non-proletarianization can be considered a specific and coherent intellectual tradition in the history of economic thought. I also discuss these theories' relation to the anti-sweatshop campaign of the Progressive Era, particularly John R. Commons's writings on Jewish immigrants that were recently debated in this journal.

The late nineteenth century saw the multiplication of statistical studies on Jewish populations. This literature is now known as "Jewish Statistics" or "Jewish Social Science" (JSS). This article focuses on the articles published inZeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden (Journal for Demography and Statistics of the Jews, ZDSJ). TheZDSJwas the main journal in JSS and appeared from 1905 until 1931.Existing scholarship on JSS has either focused on the influence of Zionism (Hart 2000) or eugenics and race theory (Efron 1994). This article proposes to relate JSS to the history of economics and statistics. As is suggested by the intellectual profile of the main contributors to theZDSJ, we argue that JSS was a by-product of the German historical school in economics. Though JSS was intended for a mostly Jewish audience, its organization and methods were clearly inspired by those of German economists.

À partir des années 1960, la psychologie dite « béhavioriste » se réfère de manière croissante à des concepts et un vocabulaire issus de la théorie économique. L'émergence d'une « économie comportementale » dans les années 1980 semble indiquer que l'économie et les sciences comportementales partagent désormais des objets communs. Pourtant, le franchissement des frontières disciplinaires a soulevé d'importantes difficultés théoriques. Cet article propose une histoire de cette transformation économique du béhaviorisme, au travers de l'équivalence progressivement introduite entre la notion comportementale de « récompense » et celle, économique, d'« utilité ». Les chevauchements partiels des deux disciplines rendent compte de problèmes théoriques actuels de l'économie comportementale. JEL: B21, D83, D87

In 1972, Milton Friedman gave a presidential lecture before the Mont Pèlerin Society titled "Capitalism and the Jews." The lecture was subsequently published as an essay in the 1980s. This article focuses on Fried-man's public interventions on the theme of capitalism and the Jews from the 1960s to the 1980s. We take a different perspectives from Jeff Lipkes's recent paper on the topic, published in this journal. While Lipkes examines the internal content of Friedman's arguments and their historical rectitude, we argue that "Capitalism and the Jews" shall not be read as a scholarly contribution to Jewish economic history. Flirting with stereotypes, Friedman was not looking to be theoretically sound and correct, but to persuade his audiences of the virtues of the free market. We therefore argue that "Capitalism and the Jews" has to be read within the surrounding political and polemical context of its writing and publication. Our article contributes to recent scholarship on the history of the complex relationships between conservatism and free-market ideas. It also provides a case study in the history of economic thought on discrimination and minorities.