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The aim of this article is to reflect on some macro regional observations about the devel- opment of cities in the Baltic Sea Region in order to provide some evidence on policy sensitive aspects, such as remaining north-south, east-west divide within the region in terms of demographic, economic, transport, human capital and social indicators. The observations are based on the study that examines the development of 127 cities of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) from 2005 to 2014. Research shows that economic development has lead to quick spatial expansion of most urban areas. While cities obviously generate growth and jobs, perform good on educational front and innovation front, development differences across the Western-Eastern axis are still showing. After the financial crisis of 2008-09 public investment dropped substantially relative to GDP. Poverty, and closely related issues, such as housing is becoming more pressing issue in urban development. In order to address these issues urban governance needs to consider growing discrepancy between administrative definitions of cities and their true size, negative effects of tax competition, spatial aspects of social and economic inequalities as well as double hierar- chy of administrative and functional levels of governance.

The aim of this article is to offer some macro regional observations about the development of cities in the Baltic Sea Region. It is based on study that examines the development of 127 cities of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) from 2005 to 2014 based on demographic, economic, transport, human capital and social indicators. While cities cities obviously generate growth and jobs, perform good on educational front and innovation front, the research confirms that development differences across the Western-Eastern axis are still still showing. After the economic crisis, public investment dropped substantially relative to GDP and the reliance of EU Cohesion Policy raises concerns about the long-term development. In addition, poverty, and closely related dimensions, such as housing is becoming more pressing issue in urban development.

Elektroniskā versija nesatur pielikumus ; Interneta politiskas komunikacijas nozime atklatibas un elektroniskas demokratijas attistiba Visvaldis Valtenbergs Atslegvardi: atklatiba, internets, e-demokratija, partijas Ši darba centra ir jautajumi par interneta potencialu kritiskas un informetas sabiedriskas domas atjaunošana un parstavnieciskas demokratijas instituciju pielagošanos musdienu atklatibas, informacijas paterina, komunikacijas un politiskas lidzdalibas paradumiem. Informacijas un komunikaciju tehnologiju (IKT) politiskas komunikacijas ierobežojumu mazinašanai piedavata politisko organizaciju parorientacijas strategija, kura palielina vaji organizetas pilsoniskas sabiedribas un individualizeto interneta lidzdalibas formu redzamibu atklatiba, vienlaikus saglabajot musdienu demokratiskajiem režimiem nepieciešamo integritati. Latvijas politisko partiju interneta komunikacijas analize aprobetas teoretiskas atzinas kalpo ka normativs un metodologisks ietvars dažadu sabiedribas lidzdalibas IKT risinajumu lietojumu izstradei un izvertešanai. ; The Role of Internet Political Communication in Development of Public Sphere and Electronic Democracy Visvaldis Valtenbergs Keywords: public sphere, internet, e-democracy, parties Central to this thesis are questions about internet's potential in renewing informed and critical public opinion, and the adaptation of institutions of representative democracy to contemporary notions of public sphere, information consumption, communication and political participation patterns. To overcome limitations of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in political communication, a reorientation strategy for political organizations is introduced. This strategy increases visibility of weakly organized civil society and individualized forms of political participation in public sphere, while maintaining necessary integrity of democratic regimes. Theoretical notions, approbated in the analysis of internet communication of Latvian political parties, constitute normative and methodological framework which can be applied for introducing and evaluating different ICT applications of civil participation.