Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Dans la littérature scientifique, le problème de l'impact à long terme de la violence et des guerres civiles sur l'organisation foncière et l'évolution des systèmes de production agricole est très peu discuté. La plupart des interventions humanitaires se concentrent sur la situation immédiate et dès que l'urgence est passée, la situation semble être considérée comme revenue à la « normale ». Cependant du point de vue historique la grande majorité des systèmes fonciers dans le monde est profondément influencée par les conséquences de la violence. Cette communication s'interroge sur les impacts à long terme de la violence et de l'insécurité politique quasi permanente sur les systèmes de production agricole et l'organisation foncière et finalement sur la sécurité alimentaire. Sur la base des données recueillies dans 3 villages du Guéra au centre du Tchad dans les années 2003-2006, il est démontré qu'il y a une relation forte entre l'intensité et la nature de la violence d'une part et l'organisation foncière et la production agricole, et aussi la situation sociale et alimentaire, d'autre part. Quelques leçons sont tirées et des questions sont formulées pour approfondir les recherches sur ces processus.

International audience ; Dans la littérature scientifique, le problème de l'impact à long terme de la violence et des guerres civiles sur l'organisation foncière et l'évolution des systèmes de production agricole est très peu discuté. La plupart des interventions humanitaires se concentrent sur la situation immédiate et dès que l'urgence est passée, la situation semble être considérée comme revenue à la « normale ». Cependant du point de vue historique la grande majorité des systèmes fonciers dans le monde est profondément influencée par les conséquences de la violence. Cette communication s'interroge sur les impacts à long terme de la violence et de l'insécurité politique quasi permanente sur les systèmes de production agricole et l'organisation foncière et finalement sur la sécurité alimentaire. Sur la base des données recueillies dans 3 villages du Guéra au centre du Tchad dans les années 2003-2006, il est démontré qu'il y a une relation forte entre l'intensité et la nature de la violence d'une part et l'organisation foncière et la production agricole, et aussi la situation sociale et alimentaire, d'autre part. Quelques leçons sont tirées et des questions sont formulées pour approfondir les recherches sur ces processus.

PurposeHRM is supposed to increase job satisfaction. But does it also increase client satisfaction? Sets out to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe unit of analysis is the home. Using data from a benchmark study among Dutch homes for elderly care, 154 homes were scored on three groups of indicators: HRM activities as experienced by employees, employee satisfaction, and client satisfaction. Scores were based on interviews with 3,542 patients and surveys of 12,193 employees.FindingsHRM does affect job and client satisfaction. Correlations between HRM and client satisfaction were generally rather low. Employees' satisfaction with their organisation is a better predictor of client satisfaction than job satisfaction. Job‐related training showed no relation with job satisfaction, but a clear relation with client satisfaction, while leadership style of their manager had a significant relation with job satisfaction, and a more limited one with client satisfaction. Regular performance reviews are important for job satisfaction and client satisfaction. Employee and client satisfaction can also conflict: more regular schedules increase employee satisfaction, but decrease client satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsTo decide on best practices the correlations found need to be explained. For instance, why do performance reviews correlate with employee satisfaction and with client satisfaction about employee expertise?Practical implicationsThese results confirm the importance of the leadership style of line managers. Helping middle management to develop a supportive and transparent leadership style can improve employee satisfaction. The HRM activity most relevant for client satisfaction seems to be job‐related training.Originality/valueThe paper is unique in combining data on employee and client satisfaction. It is of interest both to HRM researchers and to health‐care management.

The authors discuss the relationship between decentralization and conflict, focusing on the local level. They address the dangers that accompany decentralization, particularly the potential for new ethnic conflicts, or the revival of old ones. Before exploring the situation in Mali, the authors present an overview of scholarship on decentralization and the effects of colonial regimes on the African state. Their discussion of Mali includes a detailed description of Mali and an analysis of the Malian government preparation for and implementation of decentralization.

This article proposes a framework for studying and understandinghow people make claims to land and other natural resources. Weargue that a focus on claim-making practices of actors (individuals,groups, institutions, companies, the state), and the processes ofappropriation, accessing and contestation that come along with it,best responds to Sikor and Lund's call to examine"the grey zone"between access and property. We identify and discuss three practi-ces of claim making:"grounding claims"is the practice of inscribingor altering the landscape with visible markers connoting ownership;"talking claims"is when speech is used strategically to make, justifyand contest claims; and"representing claims"is when claims are rep-resented on material objects (maps, title deeds) that are detachedfrom the resource. We contribute to debates on enclosure, large-scale land acquisitions and resource grabbing by providing a lens ofclaim making through which these processes can be conceptualized.

This article proposes a framework for studying and understandinghow people make claims to land and other natural resources. Weargue that a focus on claim-making practices of actors (individuals,groups, institutions, companies, the state), and the processes ofappropriation, accessing and contestation that come along with it,best responds to Sikor and Lund's call to examine"the grey zone"between access and property. We identify and discuss three practi-ces of claim making:"grounding claims"is the practice of inscribingor altering the landscape with visible markers connoting ownership;"talking claims"is when speech is used strategically to make, justifyand contest claims; and"representing claims"is when claims are rep-resented on material objects (maps, title deeds) that are detachedfrom the resource. We contribute to debates on enclosure, large-scale land acquisitions and resource grabbing by providing a lens ofclaim making through which these processes can be conceptualized.

The authors examine conflict between farmers & herders in the Sahel-Sudan region of West Africa. The Neo-Malthusian perspective suggests that conflict is caused by a high birth rate, careless use of natural resources, & ancient ethnic hostilities. As the population increases & resources become scarcer, competition for resources increases, heightening tensions & spurring violent conflict between ethnic groups. However, the existence of a casual relationship between scarcity & conflict is widely debated. The authors briefly address the debate then present three case studies of herder/farmer interaction & analyze how they reflect the relationship between scarcity & conflict.

Bangladesh is customarily presented as a poster child for climate change and conflict given its dense population and susceptibility to climate variability. This vulnerability exacerbates existing challenges such as food insecurity and conflict potential. Crises like pandemics and conflicts are external drivers stressing already compromised domestic governance, such as violent politics, poor rule of law, and corruption, further compounding the challenges of land and water resource management and affecting food (in)security in Bangladesh. While we will argue that Bangladesh's all-out ('securitised') efforts to achieve food security are largely successful and there is no evidence of climate conflict related to food, this does not obviate very real food security challenges in remote areas. However, these have not built up to the sense of frustration associated with food riots or community violence. Navigating the possible linkages between climate, food (in)security, and conflict requires debunking common myths and identifying unresolved research puzzles in Bangladesh's context. These myths promote the oversimplification of complex issues and may lead to misinformed policies and actions. Future research needs to be focused on understanding how climate factors interact with local economic, political, and social dynamics, including governance mechanisms, religious and ethnic tensions, economic inequality, grievances, and political exclusion.