Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- How to Use This Book -- Introduction -- 1 Patterns and Trends -- Q1. Is Marijuana Use or Misuse More Widespread Than Ever Before? -- Q2. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Vary by Race or Ethnicity? -- Q3. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Vary by Population Density? -- Q4. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Vary by Family Income Level? -- Q5. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Vary by Employment Status? -- Q6. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Vary by Education Level? -- Q7. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Vary by Marital Status? -- 2 Risks and Benefits -- Q8. Is Accurate Information about the Risks and Benefits of Marijuana Widely Available? -- Q9. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Increase Risk for Physical Health Problems? -- Q10. Does Marijuana Pose More of a Health Risk than Tobacco or Alcohol? -- Q11. Does Marijuana Pose Less of a Health Risk than Other Illicit Drugs? -- Q12. Is Marijuana Safe and Effective for Treating Medical Disorders? -- Q13. Are All Medical Uses for Marijuana Substantiated by Research? -- Q14. Does Marijuana Cause Cancer? -- Q15. Is Marijuana Addictive? -- 3 Policy Considerations -- Q16. Was Marijuana Criminalized to Protect Public Health and Safety? -- Q17. Do Most Americans Support the Criminalization of Marijuana? -- Q18. Is Marijuana Use a "Gateway" to Other Illicit Drug Use or Misuse? -- Q19. Does Marijuana Use or Misuse Increase Criminal Behavior? -- Q20. Is Driving under the Influence of Marijuana Safe? -- Q21. Are Marijuana Infractions Fairly Punished? -- Q22. Is Treatment for Marijuana Misuse Needed? -- Q23. Is Treatment for Marijuana Misuse Effective? -- Q24. Is Marijuana Prohibition Effective? -- Index -- About the Authors

AbstractThis study examined how emerging adults' perpetration of aggression toward a sibling closest in age was longitudinally associated with their sibling relationship quality. Emerging adults (N = 143; Mage = 19.62; 70% female) completed surveys online or by mail at two time points, 4 years apart. Of emerging adults, 25% perpetrated aggression against their closest‐in‐age sibling. Perpetration of sibling aggression was predictive 4 years later of less sibling warmth, involvement, and emotional help. None of the interactions with gender and sibling gender was significant. This study's findings demonstrate the importance of examining the consequences of perpetration of aggressive behavior toward a sibling for sibling relationship quality in emerging adulthood.

Multiple criminological theories predict that attitudes toward delinquency should affect an individual's delinquent behavior. Criminological research, however, has not sufficiently incorporated social psychological theory predicting the reverse causal relationship, and tends to suffer from important methodological limitations. The present study addresses these issues using longitudinal data from the New Hampshire Youth Study (N = 626). After using latent variable models to demonstrate the discriminant validity of attitudinal and behavioral measures, it uses structural equation models to examine whether attitudes are stronger predictors of behavior or vice versa. Net of controls, results provide qualified support for a reciprocal relationship but suggest that behavior affects attitudes much more than attitudes affect behavior. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for future research and for interventions aimed at controlling delinquency.

AbstractUsing survey data from two youth samples, one rural and one urban, we examine the role and significance of perceived community cohesion in the stress process. In particular, we assess the extent to which community attachment and detachment are related to depressed mood, problem substance use, and delinquency net of social statuses, stress exposure, and personal attributes. In addition, we explore the degree to which those dimensions of community cohesion explain or condition the links between the above stress‐process components (e.g., social statuses, stress exposure, and personal attributes) and well‐being. We find remarkably similar results across samples: community attachment is related to lower odds of problem substance use and delinquency; community detachment is related to higher levels of depressed mood, problem substance use, and delinquency; and community attachment buffers the link between stress and problem substance use. With respect to depressed mood, however, the rural youth show greater vulnerability to stress than the urban youth and unique benefits from community attachment compared to the latter. Our findings highlight the roles of community attachment and detachment in the stress process and underscore the importance of each for youth well‐being in rural and urban settings.

AbstractIn adolescence, vital sources of support come from family relationships; however, research that considers the health‐related impact of ties to both parents and siblings is sparse, and the utility of such ties among at‐risk teens is not well understood. Here we use two waves of panel data from the population of 8th and 12th grade students in a geographically isolated, rural, northeastern U.S. county to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the effects of parental and sibling attachments on three indicators of adolescent health: obesity, depression, and problem substance use. Our findings indicate that, net of stressful life events, prior health, and sociodemographic controls, increases in parental and sibling attachment correspond with reduced odds of obesity for low‐SES adolescents, reduced odds of depression for high‐SES adolescents, and reduced odds of problem substance use for low‐SES adolescents. Results suggest also that sibling and maternal ties are more influential than paternal ties, at least with regard to the outcomes considered. Overall, the findings highlight the value of strong family ties for the physical, psychological, and behavioral health of socioeconomically strained rural teens, and reveal the explanatory potential of both sibling and parental ties for adolescent health.