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World Affairs Online
In: Oxford monographs in international law
In: European journal of international law, Volume 29, Issue 2, p. 507-549
ISSN: 1464-3596
This article reports on a study of potential systemic bias in the resolution of ambiguous legal issues by investment treaty arbitrators. It outlines tentative but significant findings that the arbitrators in general tended to favour (1) foreign investors over states overall, (2) foreign investors from major Western capital-exporting states over other foreign investors, and, albeit based on more limited data, (3) the United States as a respondent state over other respondent states. The evidence is derived from an extensive content analysis of the arbitrators' resolution of fourteen legal issues that are contested among arbitrators or in secondary literature. The findings clearly support initial expectations of systemic bias arising from unique incentives of the arbitrators. Yet the study also has important limitations and there is a range of possible explanations for the findings, some not raising concerns of inappropriate bias. Broadly, the findings lend support to perceptions that the design of investment treaty arbitration does not support fair and independent adjudication of the boundaries of sovereign authority and of disputes involving public funds.
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 6/2017
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In: Shifting Paradigms in International Investment Law, p. 128-141
In: Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), Investor-State Arbitration Commentary Series No. 6
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 23/2015
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16/2016
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 19/2015
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 21/2016
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 16/2016
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 38/2015
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In: Osgoode Legal Studies Research Paper No. 59/2014
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