Suchergebnisse

Le congé parental constitue une obligation légale pour les employeurs; ceux-ci possèdent néanmoins une marge de manoeuvre. Trois profils ont pu être distingués : légaliste, tolérant, incitatif, selon que l'employeur envisage le congé parental comme une contrainte de la législation, une mesure de politique sociale ou une mesure de politique de l'emploi. Les salariées ont-elles aussi, des usages différenciés du congé parental : elles en bénéficient, soit à temps complet, soit à temps partiel ou n'y ont pas recours. Leurs pratiques apparaissent fortement liées aux représentations des rôles sexuels, mais le contexte professionnel agit lui aussi sur les stratégies féminines, ainsi que l'environnement familial.

commuting and commuting are, together with visits, the most popular reasons for local travel. The 6th guideline of urban transport plans (UPs) enshrined in the law on air and rational use of energy (Laure) — supplemented by the draft law on solidarity and urban renewal (SRU) — concerns the promotion of a mobility plan in establishments and the use of sustainable modes for the transport of employees, including collective transport and carpooling. The SRU Act also requires urban transport authorities in agglomerations with more than 100 000 inhabitants to set up a mobility advisory service for major establishments. The mobility plan involves implementing a coherent set of actions to encourage employees or users to reduce their individual car use in favour of other modes or uses. This research, entrusted to CRÉDOC by CERTU, has identified the arguments that may motivate institutions to implement a mobility plan approach, as well as the sources of blockages. It consisted of 2 successive phases: a pre-telephone survey of managers of large establishments in 3 agglomerations to identify sites for the field survey; a survey on the site with in-depth interviews with managers and staff representatives from 9 establishments in 4 agglomerations. As a result of the interviews, a typology of these establishments was drawn up in 4 groups defined according to the management's strategy for the movement of their employees: — public incentive institutions; — 'green businesses'; — establishments sensitive to social pressure; enterprises favouring economic logic. Nine arguments can be put forward to motivate school management to implement measures to limit the use of private cars, such as limiting non-productive areas, savings, internal and external image of the establishment, safety of journeys, environmental management, etc. The main obstacles to the mobility plan concern the collective transport network and infrastructure, privacy, regulatory and administrative difficulties, working conditions and space organisation and services ...