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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part 1: Displacement, Multinationals, and the State -- 1 Who Defines Displacement? The Operation of the World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy in a Large Mining Project -- 2 Gendered Implications: Development-Induced Displacement in Sudan -- 3 Uprooting Communities and Reconfiguring Rural Landscapes: Industrial Tree Plantations and Displacement in Sarawak, Malaysia, and Eastern Thailand -- Part 2: Displacement and Neoliberalism -- 4 Enforcement and/or Empowerment? Different Displacements Induced by Neoliberal Water Policies in Thailand -- 5 Displacements in Neoliberal Land Reforms: Producing Tenure (In)Securities in Laos and Thailand -- 6 Contested Territories: Development, Displacement, and Social Movements in Colombia -- 7 Dams, Development, and Displacement: The Narmada Valley Development Projects -- Part 3: Conservation and Displacement -- 8 Upon Whose Terms? The Displacement of Afro-Descendent Communities in the Creation of Costa Rica's National Parks -- 9 Entanglements: Campesino and Indigenous Tenure Insecurities on the Honduran North Coast -- Conclusion -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

AbstractThe paper examines the extension of state regulation of industrial fisheries to include labour relations in the wake of scandals concerning unfree and abusive working conditions in the fishing industry. The focus is on fisheries operated out of Thailand, supplemented by information about working conditions in fisheries based in Myanmar and Taiwan. A concept of frontier that pays attention to patterns in labour relations prior to intensification of state regulation enables consideration of how non‐state agents including vessel owners and captains, fishing technologies, marine ecologies, vessel mobilities, borders, and workers contribute to shaping working conditions in industrial fishing. This approach reframes current efforts to regulate industrial fisheries as acting not on an unregulated or lawless fisheries, but on a series of dynamic existing practices of involving multiple agents who regulate fisheries work in the relative absence of state regulation. Using this concept of the frontier also helps explain how and why labour relations in fisheries are positioned as exceptional in relation to terrestrial work, and draws attention to the way that state regulation works through owners and captains, often neglecting the agency of workers, or undermining worker agency through migration policies.

Résumé Le développement étant foncièrement affaire de réorganisation de l'espace, tout développement est susceptible d'entraîner un déplacement de population, le plus souvent indirect. Si l'on prêtait une plus grande attention à ces déplacements indirects, on cesserait peut-être de se demander comment les justifier – et comment reconstituer après coup les vies et les modes de subsistance – pour rechercher les moyens de les prévenir ou de les réduire au point que la reconstitution devient inutile. Cette démarche ne supprime peut-être pas tous les dilemmes liés au développement, mais elle pourrait contribuer à en atténuer le caractère inextricable et indiquer de meilleures voies à suivre pour les résoudre. C'est ce que l'on entend démontrer ici en analysant le programme d'affectation des terres et des forêts de la République démocratique populaire lao. Ce programme est exemplaire en ce qu'il crée des institutions de gestion locale des ressources naturelles dans le cadre d'un processus qui, tout en paraissant très participatif, n'en est pas moins aujourd'hui la principale cause de déplacement et d'appauvrissement des populations de ce pays. Cet effet est imputable à la volonté, exprimée dans ce programme, de réorganiser l'espace en distinguant entre terres arables et forêts non arables. D'autres modalités d'affectation des terres et des forêts existent, qui offrent la plupart des avantages sans occasionner de déplacements massifs des populations.

Development is inherently about reorganizing space, thus all development has the potential of causing displacement, most of which is indirect. Greater attention to indirect development-induced displacement could shift our attention from questions of how to justify and reconstitute lives and livelihoods after displacement to finding ways of preventing or minimizing displacement to the point where reconstitution is not necessary. This approach may not eliminate all the vexing dilemmas that accompany development, but it could make them less vexing and could suggest better procedures for addressing them. These arguments are illustrated through an analysis of the Land and Forest Allocation Programme in Lao PDR. This program is exemplary in the way that it creates community-based natural resource management institutions through a process that, while highly participatory, is also the single most important cause of displacement and impoverishment in Lao PDR today. This impact can be traced to the way that the program attempts to reorganize space into arable land and non-arable forests. There are alternative approaches to land and forest allocation, which could bring most of the benefits without inducing widespread displacement. 27 References. (Original abstract - amended)

Development is inherently about reorganizing space, thus all development has the potential of causing displacement, most of which is indirect. Greater attention to indirect development-induced displacement could shift our attention from questions of how to justify & reconstitute lives & livelihoods after displacement to finding ways of preventing or minimizing displacement to the point where reconstitution is not necessary. This approach may not eliminate all the vexing dilemmas that accompany development, but it could make them less vexing & could suggest better procedures for addressing them. These arguments are illustrated through an analysis of the Land & Forest Allocation Programme in Lao PDR. This program is exemplary in the way that it creates community-based natural resource management institutions through a process that, while highly participatory, is also the single most important cause of displacement & impoverishment in Lao PDR today. This impact can be traced to the way that the program attempts to reorganize space into arable land & non-arable forests. There are alternative approaches to land & forest allocation, which could bring most of the benefits without inducing widespread displacement. 27 References. Adapted from the source document.

Since the Second World War, an important school of social science scholarship in Southeast Asia has explained pre-national social hierarchy in terms of religious cosmology, or religious beliefs in the ordering principles of merit and karma (Heine-Geldern, 1956; Geertz, 1980; Errington, 1989). With respect to Siam/Thailand, Tambiah (1970, 1976, 1984) exemplifies this approach in its strong form—he has attempted to explain all religious practices of the 'Thais' as expressions of Buddhist orthodoxy. For these writers, religious and cosmological meaning is fundamental, and subsumes the economic dimension. Their emphasis on cultural coherence contrasts with a second school of thought exemplified by Scott (1977, 1985) which focuses on slippage or difference between the 'great traditions' represented in Thailand by Buddhism, and little traditions of peasantries, based on local experience, pre-existing little traditions or the appropriation of past 'great traditions'.