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Data-analysis in descriptive qualitative research: organizing, summarizing, comparing and interpreting
Data-analysis in descriptive qualitative research: organizing, summarizing, comparing and interpreting
The grounded theory (GT) method of open, axial and selective coding is unnecessary in descriptive qualitative research. This is for example the case in complex situations and when several research questions are posed. Researchers could get lost when a GT methodology would be applied. The author argues that Miles and Huberman offer a more appropriate method of analysis: organize the data by means of a well-considered set of codes, summarize the data in matrixes and report by comparing the data. This qualitative data analysis method is exemplified with an in-depth analysis of research data on medical decision making concerning the allocation of scarce donor organs.

Book review
Book review
In this contribution the author reviews Nursing research: generating an assessing evidence for nursing practice by D. Polit and C.T. Beck.

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News
The section News gives an overview of current events.

In spite of active labour market policies, a considerable number of welfare recipients in the Netherlands are long-term unemployed. In order to investigate the job search behaviour of this group, we developed a model of job search behaviour, inspired by the theory of planned behaviour, expectancy value theory and self-determination theory Survey data relating to 193 individuals receiving welfare benefits for at least one year were collected. A model, consisting of six social-demographic and eight social and psychosocial variables, was tested with hierarchical multiple regression. Seven factors were found to be positively related to job search behaviour: being a non-Western immigrant, having recently started receiving welfare benefits, receiving encouragement in searching for work from an intimate social network, having a job search requirement imposed, having an expectation of finding a job, individual work valence and job search attitudes. Of these, duration of welfare assistance, the encouragement of an intimate social network, work valence and job search attitude appeared to be mediating factors. The article concludes that activation policy might benefit from a combination of improving job searching attitudes, for instance by discussing ideas about the valence of employment and expectations of success or by considering potential barriers to finding employment within social networks, and introducing a clear requirement to search for jobs, in particular for native Dutch, single mothers and people who have been in receipt of benefits for a long period of time. Such policies have been absent in the Netherlands for a long time, priority being given to those with better chances in the labour market.

Purpose– Long-term welfare recipients in the Netherlands are either long-term unemployed or part-time employed in jobs that generate incomes below the subsistence level. The question is whether reintegration policies aiming at their return to – a fulltime – job should consider individual social network factors besides psychological and human capital factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate welfare recipients' job search behaviour, in particular how individual social capital is distributed, and whether it is related to job search activities.Design/methodology/approach– Standardised and structured interviews were conducted with 189 long-term unemployed welfare recipients. An adapted version of the Resource Generator instrument was used to measure individual access to social capital.Findings– Social capital scales measuring domestic social resources, status-related social resources, expert advice on regulations and financial matters, and advice on finding a job were developed and psychometrically tested. Status-related social resources were more easily accessible to men and higher educated persons. Advice on finding a job was more easily accessible to recently unemployed individuals. Domestic social resources were less accessible to ethnic minorities. Persons with more social capital, specifically status-related social resources and advice in finding a job, showed more active job search behaviour.Social implications– The differences in job search activities between respondents with more social capital and those with less social capital were present but to a small degree, and therefore there is no argument for reintegration activities to focus on enlarging social capital.Originality/value– This study addresses the instrumental functions of the social network by multidimensionally scrutinising the resources that social relationships provide access to.