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The invisible traces of symbolic violence in the elderly population: a community study ; Las huellas invisibles de la violencia simbólica en la población adulta mayor: estudio comunitario ; As marcas invisíveis da violência simbólica na população idosa: estudo comunitário
Entering the community of Pucahuaico is the encounter with the silent voices of the elderly. It is on this segment of the population that the present article proposes some reflections on the symbolic violence immersed in the quality of life, abandonment, loneliness, poverty, physical fitness and overall health condition that affects the exercise of this segment's rights and dignity. This is evidenced in the complex social fabric, its relationship with the community, access to services, housing, food, native language and unemployment that remains invisible yet applied in daily practices. In this sense, the study carried out during the period of 2019-2020 analyzes these conditions in two specific periods of time; the first one being through a socio-contextual survey of perception about violence and, the second one, through real life stories in focus groups of older adults that reflect how the perception of symbolic violence remains almost imperceptible to their quality of life. As a result, the need and interest of socializing and making their reality visible surfaces, as well as the need to question the country of Ecuador on an adequate public policy on issues of prevention, protection mechanisms, promotion of human rights and effective guarantees in favor of the elderly, which allow their voices to recover, their memory and identity as part of the commitment and social co-responsibility. The results indicate the presence of chronic diseases typical of the old age, family abandonment, discouragement, depression and loneliness in the elderly population, as well as the absence of the country's health care for this sector of the population. There is evidence of discrimination based on ethnicity and age, as well as labor exploitation when they are not paid while they provide care services such as babysitting, housekeeping, cooking, etc., discrimination that mostly comes from their own relatives and surrounding community. On the other hand, the results indicate that they reflect a process of acculturation based on the pejorative idea of being indigenous, which is expressed in the form of social pressure within their own families such as to stop wearing their native cultural attire, native language and idiosyncrasies coming from the native peoples, but on the other side, a current of recovery of cultural identity from the country's government agencies present and the local government as well. ; Ingresar a la comunidad de Pucahuaico es el encuentro con las voces silenciosas de adultos/as mayores. Es sobre esta población que el artículo propone algunas reflexiones sobre la violencia simbólica inmersa en la calidad de vida, en el abandono, soledad, pobreza, condición física y de salud, afectando el ejercicio de sus derechos y dignidad, evidenciados en la complejidad social, su interrelación con la comunidad, el acceso a servicios, vivienda, alimentos, lengua de origen y desempleo que permanece invisible y naturalizado en las prácticas diarias. En este sentido, el estudio realizado durante el período 2019- 2020, analiza estas condiciones en dos momentos; el primero a través de una encuesta sociocontextual de percepción sobre la violencia y el segundo a través de historias de vida en grupos focales de adultos/as mayores que reflejan que la percepción de la violencia simbólica permanece casi imperceptible en su calidad de vida. Así, el interés de socializar y visibilizar su realidad, para interpelar al Estado ecuatoriano sobre una política pública adecuada en temas de prevención, mecanismos de protección, promoción de los derechos humanos y garantías efectivas en favor del adulto/a mayor, que permitan recuperar sus voces, su memoria e identidad como parte del compromiso y de la corresponsabilidad social. Los resultados señalan la presencia de enfermedades crónicas propias de la vejez, abandono familiar, desánimo, depresión y soledad en la población de adultos mayores, así como la ausencia del estado en la atención de la salud. Hay evidencia de discriminación basada en su etnia y en la edad, así como explotación laboral por actividades de cuidado no remuneradas, discriminación que en su mayoría proviene de su propio entorno familiar y de su comunidad. Por otra parte, los resultados señalan reflejan un proceso de a culturización basado en la idea peyorativa de ser indígena, lo que se expresa en la presión social al interior de las familias para dejar atuendos, lenguaje e idiosincrasia proveniente de los pueblos originarios, por otro lado, una corriente de recuperación de la identidad cultural desde los colectivos presentes y el gobierno local. ; O artigo propõe algumas reflexões sobre a violência simbólica imersa na qualidade de vida de idosos, no abandono, solidão, pobreza, condição física e de saúde, que afetam o exercício de seus direitos e dignidade, evidenciados na complexidade social, sua inter-relação com a comunidade, o acesso a serviços, mora-dia, alimentos, idioma de origem e desemprego que permanece invisível e naturalizado nas práticas diárias.O estudo, realizado entre 2019 e 2020, analisa estas condições em dois momentos: o primeiro, através de uma pesquisa socio-contextual de percepção sobre a violência; o segundo, através de histórias de vida em grupos focais de idosos que refletem que a violência simbólica permanece quase imperceptível em sua qua-lidade de vida. Por isso, o interesse de socializar e visibilizar sua realidade para interpelar o Estado equatoriano sobre uma polí-tica pública adequada em temas de prevenção, mecanismos de proteção, promoção dos direitos humanos e garantias efetivas a favor do idoso, que permitam recuperar suas vozes, memória e identidade como parte do compromisso e da corresponsabilida-de social. Os resultados indicam a presença de doenças crônicas mais frequentes na velhice, o abandono familiar, o desânimo, a de-pressão e a solidão na população idosa, bem como a ausência do Estado na atenção à saúde. Existe evidência de discriminação em função da etnia e da idade, assim como de exploração laboral por atividades de cuidado não remuneradas, discriminação que, em sua maioria, é proveniente de seu próprio entorno familiar e de sua comunidade. Por outro lado, os resultados refletem um processo de aculturação baseado na ideia pejorativa de ser in-dígena, o que se expressa na pressão social dentro das famílias para abandonar vestimentas, linguagem e idiossincrasia prove-niente dos povos originários. Ademais, uma corrente de recupe-ração da identidade cultural desde os coletivos presentes e do governo local.
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Multiscale entropy analysis of electroseismic time series
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences: NHESS, Band 8, Heft 4, S. 855-860
ISSN: 1684-9981
Abstract. In this work we use the multiscale entropy method to analyse the variability of geo-electric time series monitored in two sites located in Mexico. In our analysis we consider a period of time from January 1995 to December 1995. We systematically calculate the sample entropy of electroseismic time series. Important differences in the entropy profile for several time scales are observed in records from the same station. In particular, a complex behaviour is observed in the vicinity of a M=7.4 EQ occurred on 14 September 1995. Besides, we also compare the changes in the entropy of the original data with their corresponding shuffled version.
The Most Violent Event at School: A Ripple in the Pond
In: Children & schools: a journal of the National Association of Social Workers, Band 22, Heft 4, S. 199-216
ISSN: 1545-682X
Evaluating phyllostomid bat conservation potential of three forest types in the northern Neotropics of Eastern Mexico
In: Community ecology: CE ; interdisciplinary journal reporting progress in community and population studies, Band 15, Heft 2, S. 158-168
ISSN: 1588-2756
Statistical features of seismoelectric signals prior to M7.4 Guerrero-Oaxaca earthquake (México)
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences: NHESS, Band 8, Heft 5, S. 1001-1007
ISSN: 1684-9981
Abstract. In this paper a statistical analysis of seismoelectric ULF signals prior to the M7.4 Guerrero-Oaxaca earthquake (EQ) occurred at the Mexican Pacific coast on 14 September 1995, has been performed. The signals were simultaneously recorded at three monitoring stations from the last months of 1994 until July of 1996. The nonlinear time series methods of Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) have been used. In the three data sets we found some complex dynamical behaviors that seemingly reflect a relaxation-EQ preparation-main shock-relaxation process. In particular, clear spike-like anomalies in both DFA- and HFD-exponents some months before the main shock are revealed.
A comparison of ground geoelectric activity between three regions of different level of seismicity
In: Natural hazards and earth system sciences: NHESS, Band 7, Heft 5, S. 591-598
ISSN: 1684-9981
Abstract. In this work, we present a statistical study of geoelectric time series from three Mexican regions with recognized different levels of seismicity. This study is made by means of both the Higuchi's method and the detrended fluctuation analysis for the detection of fractal behavior. With these methods we present scatter plots corresponding to scaling exponents for short and large lags arisen from crossover points in the geoelectric data. Through these scatter plots we observe a reasonable segregation of clouds of points corresponding to the three mentioned regions. These results permit to suggest that a different level of characteristic seismicity in one region is translated into a different level of geoelectric activity.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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