Suchergebnisse

Emerging pollutants (EPs) represent a significant risk to human, ecological and environmental health. Although progress has been made in establishing monitoring in environmental matrices, health effects, legislation and control, there are still problems associated with regional bias and the types of EPs commonly assessed, which may underestimate the risk to health. alquilphenol ethoxylates (mainly nonylphenol ethoxylate) are considered as EPs as they are endocrine disruptors and they are widely used in detergents. Therefore, detergents are one of the most common pollutants in water causing environmental problems like foam generation and toxic effects in biota. This thesis identifies the current research deficiencies for Nonylphenol (NP) as currently there are not any regulations in Latin American region. In addition, a chromatographic analytical method was developed using solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the extraction and quantification of 4-NP in water samples. A monitoring in recreational water, wastewaters and drinking water was performed as well as a risk assessment in humans for NP exposure through water intake. Results show that concentrations of 4-NP found could cause a potential environmental impact and may represent a public health risk. Therefore, this thesis proposes and evaluates the substitution of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) with alkyl poliglucoside (APG). Results show that APG may be an adequate substitute because it offers similar and/or better properties than detergents formulated with NPE, eliminating associated exposure risks. The importance of this investigation lies in the fact that the Rotterdam Convention has catalogued NP as a severely restricted compound, so it is necessary to establish measures for its restriction and change to a sustainable technology. ; Los contaminantes emergentes (CEs) representan un significante riesgo para la salud humana, ecológica y ambiental. Aunque existe progreso en la implementación de ...