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On 12 April 1996 the State Language Services organized a language planning seminar, Lexicography as a Financial Asset in a Multilingual South Africa, held at the Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal in Stellenbosch. A special feature of this workshop was the active participation not only of linguists and lexicographers involved in the academic and practical side of producing dictionaries, but also of those with commercial interests in this area, viz. publishers and marketers of dictionaries. An important part of the seminar was the contributions on the lexicographic needs of each of the eleven official languages of the Republic of South Africa. This seminar was followed by a consultative meeting for stakeholders arranged by the Pan South African Language Board (PANSALB) on 31 October 1997 in Johannesburg. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to participants the state of the legislation concerning lexicography units, to inform participants of the language plan for the Republic of South Africa and the role of lexicography in it, to make participants aware of the preparation needed to establish a lexicography unit, and to obtain the view of participants regarding important lexicographic matters by means of a questionnaire and discussions. This meeting was an important precursor to two further meetings which PANSALB arranged in the Johannesburg Civic Centre, namely the Lexicographic Meeting of the Existing Lexicographic Units of South Africa on 19 and 20 March 1998 and the Lexicographic Meeting of the Languages which do not already have a Lexicographic Unit on 14 and 15 May 1998. The delegates participated in establishing norms for the recognition of existing and new lexicography units, and for the provision of personnel to, and for the state subsidisation of lexicography units. Regulations for the lexicography units were also discussed. The papers presented at these two meetings provide a synopsis of the state of lexicography in the different official languages of the Republic of South Africa. The assignment for the first occasion was to outline the mission, history and present situation of the existing units, namely of Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, Sepedi, isiXhosa and isiZulu. The assignment for the second occasion was to delineate the state of lexicography in those languages which do not have lexicography units, namely Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, Tshivenda and Tsonga. Adapted and updated extracts from the documentation of these meetings are published here with the kind permission of PANSALB and of the presenters of the different papers. These are preceded by an exposition of the procedure for the establishing of the lexicography units for the eleven official languages of the Republic of South Africa. PANSALB was established in 1995 in terms of the Pan South African Language Board Act (No. 59 of 1995). To make provision for, inter alia , the creation of lexicography units by PANSALB, the Pan South African Language Board Amendment Act (No. 10 of 1999) was assented to this year. The aims of PANSALB are: (a) to promote respect for and ensure the implementation of the following principles: (i) the creation of conditions for the development and for the promotion of the equal use and enjoyment of all the official South African languages; (ii) the extension of those rights relating to language and the status of languages which before 27 April 1994 were restricted to certain regions; (iii) the prevention of the use of any language for the purposes of exploitation, domination or division; (iv) the promotion of — (aa) multilingualism; and (bb) the provision of translation and interpreting facilities; (v) the fostering of respect for languages spoken in the Republic other than the official languages, and the encouragement of their use in appropriate circumstances; and (vi) the non-diminution of rights relating to language and the status of languages existing before 27 April 1994; (b) to further the development of the official South African languages; (c) to promote respect for and the development of other languages used by communities in South Africa, and languages used for religious purposes; (d) to promote knowledge of and respect for the provisions and principles of the Constitution relating directly or indirectly to language matters; (e) to promote respect for multilingualism in general; and (f) to promote the utilisation of South Africa's language resources.The National Lexicography Units - Existing and Prospective M.B. Kumalo Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal B.P.D. Gabriels, A.E. Cloete and W.F. Botha Dictionary Unit for isiNdebele P.B. Skhosana Dictionary Unit for South African English Penny Silva Sepedi Dictionary Project D.J. Prinsloo and K.J. Mashamaite Xhosa Dictionary Project T.X. Mfaxa Zulu Dictionary Project A.C. Nkabinde The State of Lexicography in Sesotho M.A. Moleleki The State of Lexicography in Setswana M.R. Malope The State of siSwati Lexicography P.M. Lubisi The State of Tshivenda Lexicography A. Mawela The State of Xitsonga Lexicography D.I. Mathumba Keywords: pansalb; lexicography units; pan south african language board act; 1995; pan south african language board amendment act; 1998; afrilex; bureau of the woordeboek van die afrikaanse taal; dictionary unit for isindebele; dictionary unit for south african english; northern sotho dictionary unit; xhosa dictionary project; zulu dictionary project; sesotho lexicography; setswana lexicography; siswati lexicography; tshivenda lexicography; tsonga lexicography ; Op 12 April 1996 het die Staatstaaldiens 'n taalbeplanningseminaar, Lexicography as a Financial Asset in a Multilingual South Africa, gereël wat by die Buro van die Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal op Stellenbosch gehou is. 'n Besondere kenmerk van dié seminaar was die deelname nie net van taalkundiges en leksikograwe betrokke by die akademiese en praktiese kant van die opstel van woordeboeke nie, maar ook diegene met kommersiële belange op hierdie gebied, nl. die uitgewers en bemarkers van woordeboeke. 'n Belangrike deel van dié seminaar was die bydraes oor die leksikografiese behoeftes van elkeen van die elf amptelike tale van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika. Hierdie seminaar is gevolg deur 'n raadplegende vergadering gereël deur die Pan-Suid-Afrikaanse Taalraad (PANSAT) met belanghebbendes op 31 Oktober 1997 in Johannesburg. Die doel van die vergadering was om aan deelnemers die stand van die wetgewing betreffende leksikografie-eenhede te verduidelik, om deelnemers in te lig oor die taalplan van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika en die rol van die leksikografie daarin, om deelnemers bewus te maak van die voorbereiding nodig om 'n leksikografie-eenheid op te rig, en om die opvattings van deelnemers te verkry betreffende belangrike leksikografiese aangeleenthede met behulp van 'n vraelys en besprekings. Hierdie byeenkoms was 'n belangrike voorloper van twee verdere byeenkomste wat deur PANSAT in die Burgersentrum in Johannesburg gereël is, nl. Lexicographic Meeting of the Existing Lexicographic Units of South Africa op 19 en 20 Maart 1998 en Lexicographic Meeting of the Languages which do not already have a Lexicographic Unit op 14 en 15 Mei 1998. Die afgevaardigdes het deelgeneem aan die bepaling van norme vir die erkenning van bestaande en nuwe leksikografie-eenhede, en vir die voorsiening van personeel aan en staatsubsidiëring van leksikografie-eenhede. Bepalings vir die leksikografie-eenhede is ook bespreek. Die referate wat by hierdie twee byeenkomste gehou is, gee 'n oorsig van die stand van die leksikografie in die verskillende amptelike tale in die Republiek van Suid-Afrika. Die opdrag vir die eerste geleentheid was om die missie, geskiedenis en huidige omstandighede van die bestaande eenhede uiteen te sit, nl. Afrikaans, Engels, isiNdebele, Sepedi, isiXhosa en isiZulu. Die opdrag vir die tweede geleentheid was om die stand van die leksikografie te skets in die tale wat nog nie leksikografiese eenhede het nie, nl. Sesotho, Setwana, siSwati, Tshivenda en Tsonga. Aangepaste en bygewerkte uittreksels uit die dokumentasie van die byeenkomste word hier gepubliseer met die vriendelike vergunning van PANSAT en die aanbieders van die onderskeie referate. Hulle word voorafgegaan deur 'n uiteensetting van die prosedure vir die instelling van die leksikografie-eenhede vir die elf amptelike tale van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika. PANSAT het in 1995 tot stand gekom kragtens die Wet op die Pan-Suid-Afrikaanse Taalraad (No. 59 van 1995). Om onder andere voorsiening te maak vir die stigting van leksikografie-eenhede deur PANSAT is die Wysigingswet op die Pan-Suid-Afrikaanse Taalraad (No. 10 van 1999) vanjaar aangeneem. Die oogmerke van PANSAT is: (a) om respek te bevorder vir, en die implementering te verseker van die volgende beginsels: (i) die skepping van toestande vir die ontwikkeling en vir die bevordering van die gelyke gebruik en benutting van al die amptelike Suid-Afrikaanse tale; (ii) die uitbreiding van daardie regte met betrekking tot taal en die status van tale wat voor 27 April 1994 tot sekere streke beperk was; (iii) die voorkoming van die gebruik van enige taal vir die doeleindes van uitbuiting, oorheersing of verdeling; (iv) die bevordering van — (aa) veeltaligheid; en (bb) die voorsiening van vertalings- en tolkfasiliteite; (v) die kweek van respek vir ander tale, benewens die amptelike tale, wat in die Republiek gepraat word, en die aanmoediging van die gebruik daarvan in gepaste omstandighede; en (vi) die nievermindering van regte met betrekking tot taal en die status van tale wat voor 27 April 1994 bestaan het; (b) om die uitbouing van die amptelike Suid-Afrikaanse tale na te streef; (c) om respek vir en die ontwikkeling van ander tale wat deur gemeenskappe in Suid-Afrika gebruik word, asook tale wat vir godsdiensdoeleindes gebruik word, te bevorder; (d) om kennis van en respek vir die bepalings en beginsels van die Grondwet wat regstreeks of onregstreeks betrekking het op taalaangeleenthede, te bevorder; (e) om respek vir veeltaligheid in die algemeen te bevorder; en (f) om die benutting van Suid-Afrika se taalhulpbronne te bevorder.The National Lexicography Units - Existing and Prospective M.B. Kumalo Bureau of the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal B.P.D. Gabriels, A.E. Cloete and W.F. Botha Dictionary Unit for isiNdebele P.B. Skhosana Dictionary Unit for South African English Penny Silva Sepedi Dictionary Project D.J. Prinsloo and K.J. Mashamaite Xhosa Dictionary Project T.X. Mfaxa Zulu Dictionary Project A.C. Nkabinde The State of Lexicography in Sesotho M.A. Moleleki The State of Lexicography in Setswana M.R. Malope The State of siSwati Lexicography P.M. Lubisi The State of Tshivenda Lexicography A. Mawela The State of Xitsonga Lexicography D.I. Mathumba Sleutelwoorde: pansat; leksikografie-eenhede; wet op die pan-suid-afrikaanse taalraad; 1995; wysigingswet op die pan-suid-afrikaanse taalraad; 1999; afrilex; buro van die woordeboek van die afrikaanse taal; dictionary unit for south african english; sepedi woordeboekprojek; woordeboekeenheid vir isindebele; xhosa woordeboekprojek; zulu woordeboekprojek; sesotho leksikografie; setswana leksikografie; siswati leksikografie; tshivenda leksikografie; tsonga leksikografie

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Front Matter 1 -- Contents -- 1. The Gettysburg Address: Abraham Lincoln -- 2. Address to the Reichstag: Adolf Hitler -- 3. The Fundamental Principle of a Republic: Anna Howard Shaw -- 4. Freedom Is My Birthright: Bal Gangadhar Tilak -- 5. Yes We Can: Barack Obama -- 6. Farewell Address: Barack Obama -- 7. Justice for Ireland: Daniel O'Connell -- 8. Duty, Honour, Country: Douglas MacArthur -- 9. Nazis' Aim Is Slavery: Edouard Daladier -- 10. Speech to the Troops at Tilbury: Queen Elizabeth I -- 11. Declaration of Sentiments: Elizabeth Cady Stanton -- 12. The Destructive Male: Elizabeth Cady Stanton -- 13. Freedom or Death: Emmeline Pankhurst -- 14. Statement to the Court: Eugene Victor Debs -- 15. The Only Thing We Have to Fear Is Fear Itself: Franklin Roosevelt -- 16. The Arsenal of Democracy: Franklin Roosevelt -- 17. The Four Freedoms: Franklin Roosevelt -- 18. A Date Which Will Live in Infamy: Franklin Roosevelt -- 19. The Hypocrisy of American Slavery: Frederick Douglass -- 20. Farewell Address: George Washington -- 21. Speech to the Soldiers: Giuseppe Garibaldi -- 22. What Is an American: Harold Ickes -- 23. A Tryst with Destiny: Jawaharlal Nehru -- 24. Inaugural Address: John F Kennedy -- 25. We Choose to Go to the Moon: John F Kennedy -- 26. Ich Bin Ein Berliner: John F Kennedy -- 27. Boycott the Simon Commission: Lala Lajpat Rai -- 28. Votes for Women: Mark Twain -- 29. On the Festival of the Supreme Being: Maximilien Robespierre -- 30. Who You Are and What You Stand for: Michelle Obama -- 31. On the Eve of Dandi March: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi -- 32. Quit India Speech: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi -- 33. I Am Prepared to Die: Nelson Mandela -- 34. Address on His Release From Prison: Nelson Mandela -- 35. On the Nazi Invasion of Poland: Neville Chamberlain.

Intro -- Title -- Copyright -- Front Matter 1 -- Contents -- 1. Funeral Oration : Pericles -- 2. Sermon to the Birds: Saint Francis of Assissi -- 3. Speech to the Troops at Tilbury: Queen Elizabeth I -- 4. I Go from a Corruptible to an Incorruptible Crown: King Charles I -- 5. In the Name of God, Go: Oliver Cromwell -- 6. Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death: Patrick Henry -- 7. The Newburgh Address: George Washington -- 8. Resignation Speech: George Washington -- 9. Disapproving and Accepting the Constitution: Benjamin Franklin -- 10. First Inaugural Speech: George Washington -- 11. Abolition Speech: William Wilberforce -- 12. On the Festival of the Supreme Being: Maximilien Robespierre -- 13. On the Death of Marie Antoinette: Edmund Burke -- 14. Farewell Address: George Washington -- 15. Sixth Annual Message: Thomas Jefferson -- 16. Farewell to the Old Guard: Napoleon Bonaparte -- 17. Justice for Ireland : Daniel O'Connell -- 18. Declaration of Sentiments : Elizabeth Cady Stanton -- 19. The Hypocrisy of American Slavery: Frederick Douglass -- 20. Speech to the Soldiers : Giuseppe Garibaldi -- 21. The Gettysburg Address : Abraham Lincoln -- 22. Second Inaugural Address : Abraham Lincoln -- 23. The Destructive Male : Elizabeth Cady Stanton -- 24. Tribute to the Dog: George Graham Vest -- 25. What England Could Do: Keshub Chandra Sen -- 26. On Universal Religion: Keshub Chandra Sen -- 27. Are Women Persons: Susan B. Anthony -- 28. Surrender Speech : Chief Joseph -- 29. Duties of American Citizenship : Theodore Roosevelt -- 30. The Ilbert Bill and Freedom Movement: Sir Pherozeshah M. Mehta -- 31. The Congress and the Muslims : Badruddin Tyabji -- 32. Acres of Diamonds : Russell Herman Conwell -- 33. Tonic for the Hindu Mind : Swami Vivekananda -- 34. India Must Be Bled : Dadabhai Naoroji -- 35. Why I Became a Hindu : Sister Nivedita.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Introduction -- As the cuts bite, why bother with the Global South? -- In 1973, solidarity thought more about power -- It's about justice, stupid -- Why should humanity and conscience weaken at the national border? -- Don't underestimate working people's solidarity -- Women's rights are now sponsored by Gucci -- NGOs must give up power -- Climate change makes internationalism a question of survival -- We are all internationalists now -- Brazil is on the edge of an 'internationalism revolution' -- The wrong kind of solidarity.

Science in the Changing World, first published in 1933, contains a series of broadcasted presentations on the relationship between science and the development of European civilisation in the first half of the 20th century. Specifically, each talk attempts to reflect the crisis through which the world seemed to be passing at the time, and to make an analysis of those forces of transformation in science, art, economics, and social life which were associated most closely with the advent of the 'scientific' century. Included among the presenters are such eminent and diverse thinkers as Julian Huxl

Complete setSince 1961 the Adelphi Papers have provided some of the most informed accounts of international and strategic relations. Produced by the world renowned International Institute of Strategic Studies, each paper provides a short account of a subject of topical interest by a leading military figure, policy maker or academic. The project reprints the first forty years of papers, arranged into thematic sets.The collection as a whole provides a rich and insightful account of international affairs during a period which spans the second half of the Cold War, t

Complete setSince 1961 the Adelphi Papers have provided some of the most informed accounts of international and strategic relations. Produced by the world renowned International Institute of Strategic Studies, each paper provides a short account of a subject of topical interest by a leading military figure, policy maker or academic. The project reprints the first forty years of papers, arranged into thematic sets.The collection as a whole provides a rich and insightful account of international affairs during a period which spans the second half of the Cold War, t

Complete setSince 1961 the Adelphi Papers have provided some of the most informed accounts of international and strategic relations. Produced by the world renowned International Institute of Strategic Studies, each paper provides a short account of a subject of topical interest by a leading military figure, policy maker or academic. The project reprints the first forty years of papers, arranged into thematic sets.The collection as a whole provides a rich and insightful account of international affairs during a period which spans the second half of the Cold War, t

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