Suchergebnisse

"Human activities have dramatically changed the composition and organisation of soils. Industrial and urban wastes, agricultural application and also mining activities resulted in an increased concentration of heavy metals in soils. How plants and soil microorganisms cope with this situation and the sophisticated techniques developed for survival in contaminated soils is discussed in this volume. The topics presented include: the general role of heavy metals in biological soil systems; the relation of inorganic and organic pollutions; heavy metal, salt tolerance and combined effects with salinity; effects on abuscular mycorrhizal and on saprophytic soil fungi; heavy metal resistance by streptomycetes; trace element determination of environmental samples; the use of microbiological communities as indicators; phytostabilization of lead polluted sites by native plants; effects of soil earthworms on removal of heavy metals and the remediation of heavy metal contaminated tropical land."--Publisher's website

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: History and Major Types of Pollutants in Electronic Waste Recycling -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 History of Electronic Waste Recycling -- 1.1.2 Classification of Electronic Waste -- 1.1.2.1 Metals -- 1.1.2.2 Plastic Material -- 1.1.2.3 Organic Pollutants -- 1.1.2.4 Halogenated Compounds -- References -- Chapter 2: Biomonitoring of Electronic Waste Polluted Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Human Biomonitoring -- 2.2.1 Human Blood/Serum -- 2.2.2 Human Breast Milk -- 2.2.3 Human Hair -- 2.2.4 Human Urine -- 2.2.5 Human Nail -- 2.3 Animal Biomonitoring -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: New Brominated Flame Retardants in the Environment of Developing Countries -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Environmental Occurrence -- 3.2.1 Indoor Dust -- 3.2.2 Air and Tree Bark -- 3.2.3 Water -- 3.2.4 Soil, Sludge, and Sediment -- 3.2.5 Fish and Birds -- 3.2.6 Terrestrial Biota and Human -- 3.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Status of Organophosphate Esters in the Environment of Developing Countries and Their Impact on Human Health -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Environmental Occurrence -- 4.2.1 Indoor Dust -- 4.2.2 Air and Tree Bark -- 4.2.3 Water -- 4.2.4 Soil, Sludge, and Sediment -- 4.2.5 Biological Samples -- 4.3 Human Exposure to OPEs via Dust Intake -- 4.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 5: Global Trends of E-waste Pollution and Its Impact on Environment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Composition of E-waste -- 5.3 Global Challenges of E-waste -- 5.4 E-waste and Developing Countries -- 5.5 E-waste and Developed Countries -- 5.6 E-waste and Legal Framework -- 5.7 E-waste and Environment -- 5.7.1 Soil and Plants -- 5.7.2 Air Quality -- 5.7.3 Water Quality -- 5.7.4 Human Health.

Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1: Xenobiotics, Types, and Mode of Action -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Types of Xenobiotics -- 1.1.1.1 Drugs -- 1.1.1.2 Environmental Pollutants -- 1.1.1.3 Food Additives -- 1.1.1.4 Hydrocarbons -- 1.1.1.5 Pesticides -- 1.1.1.6 Synthetic Polymers -- 1.1.1.7 Oil Mixtures -- 1.1.2 Other Xenobiotic Compounds -- 1.1.3 Hazards from Xenobiotics -- 1.1.3.1 Toxicity -- 1.1.3.2 Carcinogenicity -- 1.1.3.3 Progressive Buildup in the Environment -- 1.1.3.4 Bioaccumulation -- 1.1.4 Role in Biological System/Mode of Action -- 1.1.4.1 Xenobiotics-Protein Interaction -- 1.1.4.2 Transport Protein -- 1.1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Atmospheric Pollutants and Its Transport Mechanisms in Soil Along the Himalayas, Tibetan Plateau, and Its Surroundi... -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Atmospheric Pollutants and Its Sources -- 2.2.1 PAHs -- 2.2.2 POPs -- 2.2.3 Inorganic Pollutants -- 2.3 Driving Mechanisms and Temperature Sensitivity -- 2.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: HCH and DDT Residues in Indian Soil: Atmospheric Input and Risk Assessment -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Methodology -- 3.2.1 Sample Collection, Column Cleanup, and Instrumental Analysis -- 3.2.2 Risk Assessment -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- 3.3.1 HCH and DDT: Production and Usage -- 3.3.2 Region-Specific Distribution and Atmospheric Input -- 3.3.2.1 Northern India -- 3.3.3 Eastern and North-Eastern India -- 3.3.4 Southern India -- 3.3.5 Central and Western India -- 3.4 Ecological Risk Assessment -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs) in Soil: Occurrence, Fate, and Effects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Physical Properties of Antibiotics -- 4.2.1 Tetracyclines -- 4.2.2 Sulfonamides -- 4.2.3 Aminoglycosides -- 4.2.4 Fluoroquinolones