Suchergebnisse

The transformation of Russian news agencies occurred within the general framework of perestroika and the ongoing economic, political and social turmoil of Russian society. This article focuses on the new competitive situation in the Russian news market, examines the origins of private news agencies and identifies the major changes in the position and functions of state-owned agencies. New relationships between news agencies as suppliers and the Russian media as consumers of political news are also examined. The article seeks to shape the importance of financial news for the modern Russian news agencies. These issues are discussed in terms of the economic and organizational problems inherent to the new Russian media scene.

Der Umbau der russischen Nachrichtenagenturen erfolgte im Rahmen des Systems der Perestroika und der von dieser ausgehenden ökonomischen, politischen und sozialen Umwälzung der russischen Gesellschaft. Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die neue Konkurrenzsituation auf dem russischen Nachrichtenmarkt. Die Entstehungsgeschichte der privaten Agenturen wird ebenso untersucht wie die schwerwiegenden Veränderungen bei den staatlichen Agenturen, was ihre Stellung und Funktion angeht. Ebenso untersucht wird die völlig neue Rollenbeziehung zwischen den Nachrichtenagenturen als Anbieter und den russischen Medien als Nutzer und Konsument politischer Nachrichten. Die Bedeutung der Finanznachrichten für die neuen russischen Nachrichtenagenturen wird herausgearbeitet. Alle diese Themen werden im Zusammenhang mit den ökonomischen und organisatorischen Problemen, denen sich das neue russische Medienwesen in seiner Gesamtheit konfrontiert sieht, behandelt. (UNübers.)

Abstract
This article discusses media researchers' understanding of the term "conflict," what types of experience objects social scientists include in this category, and the possibility of categorization and theoretical understanding of these objects in the context of modern media research in Russia and abroad. Also discussed are the theoretical issues of the interaction between media and conflict, theory-based methodology of conflict research, and the types and key subjects of conflict, which have become the subjects of empirical research on scientific papers published in major media academic journals at home and abroad. In discussing the study's empirical results, the necessity of cultivating ethical and moral values in the media, according to Habermas's communicative behavior theory where he opposes the anti-values of conflict, was raised.

The 21st century has been characterized by tremendous changes in mass-media systems. The rapid growth of the Internet, inspired by the progress of communication technologies and digitalization, has resulted in the rise of new interactive media. Developments contributing to the scope and speed of media production and distribution have drawn particular attention to the information security of audiences in particular, to protecting children from content that might be harmful and not appropriate for their age. Unlike adults, who are accustomed to living in an information-rich society, children cannot understand and filter content. Digital media, with their profound effects on a young audience, definitely affect children's psychology and emotions. Recognizing this development, the most economically advanced countries have elaborated specific media policies to ensure that children receive the advantages of new media and simultaneously are kept safe from harmful content. These policies, aimed at traditional media (press and analogue broadcasting), have been based on legal approaches, but in digital reality laws do not always produce the same desired effects because the law-making process often does not keep up with technological change. Governments, therefore, have to share their responsibilities with the nongovernmental private business and civilsectors. Even countries with strong government influence over public life, such as Singapore, are working toward a co-regulated and self-regulated mass-media industry. Many foreign countries, including those in Western Europe, North America, and Asia, already have experience with these policies. The article reviews practices in the field of media aimed at guaranteeing children's information security and at opposing harmful content. It points to key aspects of the regulation of market-driven media content in different countries.

The paper approaches digital divide as a complex multi-dimensional and multi-level problem, not being limited to the Internet access only. We argue that regardless of some universal trends previously identified by scholars, every country retains its national specifics in ICT access, skills and benefits people can get from using ICTs. In this vein, we theorize Russian model of the digital divide, approaching it through three main angles: state regulation of digitalization processes in Russia on federal and regional levels; different modes of the digital technology use in a cross-regional comparative perspective; and specific mechanisms for the analysis and further overcoming digital divide in Russia. For the latter point, we propose a 'digital passport' of the Russian regions that allows for better understanding of the digitalization progress in particular regions of the country and for more efficient policy-making on site. Lastly, we test a 'digital passport' model on eight federal subjects of Russia to show its applicability of the study of the digital divide in different regional contexts.