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Purpose: This paper analyzed the debt of municipal subsystems of public finances and the organizations they own compared to EU member countries' GDP during the 2013-2018 period. Our study's essence is to characterize the EU member states based upon the two areas of investigation. We also analyzed the relationships between the liabilities of the entities, and, through the use of statistical methods, we compared the respective values and examined the effect on debt from both local government system models and geopolitical location. Design/Methodology/Approach: Three hypotheses were formulated, and we conducted our research with statistical methods (regression, cluster and variance analyses, LGCEshare variables). We utilized a case study on Hungary to explore the development of the two areas over time and examined how debt value was affected by the regulatory environment. Findings: Between the two areas of the local system's economic management, a statistical connection can be identified. The liabilities as a percentage of the GDP of local government-owned businesses are considering it has been established. This is especially true in Germany and Scandinavian countries. However, it must be noted that the results of the statistical analyses and the theoretical division are different from each other. Another unique element of this study is considering the debt dynamics of municipalities and their corporations following the comprehensive fiscal reforms post-2010. Practical Implications: The research results can be used to assess the related financial positions of local governments and their economic organizations, to which the European Union is also paying increasing attention. Originality/Value: We examined the relationship between the liabilities of local governments and their economic organizations, and we showed a relationship between the two areas by using statistical methods. We found that the effect of the local government system model and geopolitical location on the debt stock is fundamentally determinant, but not in every case. ; peer-reviewed

Donors, development agencies, and international non-governmental organizations are currently shaping a large part of the development and humanitarian agenda of sustainable developmen, especially regarding the first and second Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to ending poverty and hunger worldwide. Thus, an increasing number of development interventions are aimed at protecting the planet and ensuring prosperity for everyone by strengthening the resilience of vulnerable households and communities. The research implemented a quantitative methodology approach that relied on distributing a survey based on the research variables. Data were collected in both the Gaza Strip and Hungary using google forms over a sample of 700 respondents, however, only 616 respondents filled out the survey. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical tool to research the impact of no poverty and zero hunger on economic empowerment and how resource access mediates this relationship. The research results were reported using descriptive and regression analysis, while mediation analysis was based on the method of Barron and Kenney. Most of the world's poor live in rural regions, and if we want to help them, we need to concentrate on developing agriculture in a modern and sustainable manner to create employment, increase farmers' incomes and consumption, and decrease food costs. Governments need to learn more about their strengths and challenges to aid communities in expanding. While primary agriculture may provide a viable income for those living in different regions, there is always the potential for diversification. Recognizing and capitalizing on other areas' variety or growth might significantly lower poverty levels. There is an urgent need to address the issue of food security, which requires a renewed commitment from governments, farmers, national policymakers, and international donors.

The concept of project success has evolved from the perspective of conforming to the project triangle to that of benefiting the environment, and then from the perspective of the following generation. Scientists increasingly assert that successful projects require a set of criteria that include such item(s) as future potential. The meaning of project success varies depending on where it is executed. The purpose of this study is to identify whether projects with future potential have a certain effect on indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) and what other success criteria are inherent in such projects. By using the method of descriptive analysis of data collected from 107 experts and analyzing 19 influential projects, the study revealed that projects oriented towards the future have a significant impact on the indicators of the GCI in the RK. This finding confirms the necessity of considering the long-term sustainability and social significance of projects when assessing their successes. Additionally, a specific combination of success criteria that contributes most to this impact was identified. This research provides a brand-new understanding of project success criteria in the context of their impact on the GCI and emphasizes the importance of considering future potential in project planning and evaluation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-02-012 Full Text: PDF