Suchergebnisse

The article analyzes new aspects of the evolution of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) against the backdrop of the situation in Europe and in the world, confirming the forecasts made in the author's previous publications. The party remains an important political force in Europe and globally, influences the development of European social-democratic thought, actively participates in reforming the European Union. The German Social Democrats uphold the principles of liberal democracies, entering into disputes with Budapest and Warsaw in view of their heightened sense of national exclusiveness. The updated conceptual guidelines of the party testify to further tightening of the SPD's course in the Russian direction. The party does not give an answer to the fundamental questions: how the outlines of a new world order in Europe can be built without the participation of Russia, especially against it; to what extent the turn of the SPD's top meets the interests of ordinary party members and citizens of the country. The approach of the German Social Democrats may exacerbate the already tense situation. The SPD has forgotten Willy Brandt's warnings about the inadmissibility of exporting the FRG's and other Western countries' model, of imposing certain rules. The military-political choice made by O. Scholz and L. Klingbeil, their definition of February 24, 2022 as drawing a line under the moral and historical responsibility of Berlin for the atrocities of the Nazis, depreciating the important role of Moscow in the defeat of fascism and the reunification of Germany, have become the milestone ideological imperatives of modern Germany. These and other factors will go down in the history of Moscow–Berlin relations as a major mistake of the German Social Democracy. Moscow should not negotiate with those leaders of the SPD who will certainly bring the content of conversations to the attention of Washington, Brussels, Kyiv, Warsaw, Vilnius, Riga. The German ruling class without the sovereignty of its country does not inspire confidence. The trend of expanding hostilities in Ukraine with the use of new types of weapons, a possible direct intervention of NATO countries in the conflict continues. Moscow should clearly analyze the reasons for the rise and fall of the RF–FRG relations, Russia's miscalculations, and sketch out various scenarios. Despite everything, in Germany, especially in the new federal states, in a part of the SPD, German business and civil society, hopes for normalizing relations with Russia have not been lost completely. Their cautious statements about the common roots of the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany belonging to the European civilization cannot but inspire restrained optimism in terms of preserving the experience of dialogue between the two countries.

The attention in the article is drawn to the fact that despite the obvious need to bring special knowledge into civil and economic procedural proof, this process is progressing rather slowly as the modern practice of using special knowledge constantly reveals gaps and collisions in procedural norms. Defining forensic science as a separate form of using special knowledge, the article focuses on the interpretation of the "special knowledge" concept by scientists, and concludes that scientific papers explicitly indicate that special knowledge is used by a limited number of specialists, they are inherent in a particular science; could be obtained in the process of training, special training and are applied according to the requirements of current legislation. It is noted that a separate procedural form of special knowledge application is the results of forensic examinations, i.e. for forensic examination conduct it is necessary to involve a specialist who, according to the current legislation, possesses the required sum of special knowledge, which allows him to competently conduct measures that are his functional responsibilities − to provide a forensic report based on their own special, professional knowledge. It is argued that according to the evidence classification, the forensic opinion belongs to personal sources of evidence and, if there are no grounded reasons for disagreement with it, should be taken for granted and used in evidence as a result of research work of an authoritative specialist. It is also emphasized that the forensic report, as an independent forensic evidence in the case, can only be the result of forensic examination, appointed and conducted in strict accordance with the requirements of economic or civil procedural law, the signs by which the forensic report differs from other means of evidence are described. The features that distinguish forensic examination from examinations carried out in other areas of human activity are outlined. It is established that the means of verifying a forensic report in civil and economic proceedings are forensic expert testimony, other evidence provided by the procedure participants and comparing the report with the latter, as well as stressed that the distinction between verification and evaluation of evidence should be conducted according to individual criteria, their characteristic is given. ; У статті зазначено, що, незважаючи на очевидну необхідність залучення спеціальних знань до цивільного та господарського процесуального доказування, цей процес просувається досить повільно, оскільки сучасна практика застосування спеціальних знань постійно виявляє прогалини та колізії у процесуальних нормах. Визначаючи судову експертизу як окрему форму застосування спеціальних знань, у статті акцентовано на тлумаченні науковців самого поняття «спеціальні знання». Зауважено, що окремою процесуальною формою застосування спеціальних знань є результати судових експертиз, тобто для проведення судової експертизи необхідним є залучення фахівця, якому, згідно з чинним законодавством, обов'язково потрібно мати спеціальні знання. Наведено ознаки, які відрізняють судову експертизу від експертиз, які здійснюють в інших галузях людської діяльності, та визначено, що розмежування між перевіркою й оцінкою доказів слід здійснювати за окремими критеріями, наведено їхню характеристику.

The article examines the problems of the ruling coalition of the Austrian People's Party and the Greens, led by Chancellor Karl Nehammer. In the context of growing escalation in Europe and the world, it is becoming more difficult for Vienna to maintain its previous position as a neutral state. Will the ruling circles take into account the voters' request to preserve the previous comfort of life and the worthy position of Austria on the continent will be shown by elections to the European Parliament and the National Council in 2024.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the system of institutions of sustainable development and the implementation of their principles at the interstate, national macro and micro levels. The interrelation of ecology, economy and social dynamics as a single complex of institutions for solving the problems of sustainable development is shown. The universality of the goals of modern transformations in the field of environmental protection and socio-economic development, a wide range of improving the well-being of the population does not remove the existence of specific strategic goals for the countries of the post-industrial and pre-industrial stages of development. The modern interpretation of the sustainable development goals denies the stagnation of economic development and the reduction of consumption for the realization of environmental sustainability. Articulation of specific tasks at the interstate level is a vector of strategic planning at the national level, goal setting and designing the activities of public companies. The analysis of the formation of the institutional infrastructure of interaction between public companies and stakeholders in the field of non-financial reporting on ESG and financing of "green" investments is given. Non-financial reporting is transformed from the tasks of PR management into the direction of goal-setting and the formation of a new structure of financial activity, including the social development of companies.

The basis for the analysis of special interests in economic activity is the research of neo-institutional theory, which interprets the phenomenon of lobbying as a process of exchange between the state and business, in the field of competition for influence in decision-making and resource allocation based on the manifestation of differing interests. Competition unfolds in two areas of interaction – the formation of institutional norms that directly determine the economic result of business and for resources for the implementation of investment programs. The features of Russian economic lobbying and new forms of promoting economic interests in government bodies are highlighted. In large companies, lobbying becomes the sphere of specialized GR management, working on issues of strategic and operational interests of companies with representatives of the authorities. It is shown that the activity of GR is modified under the influence of the practice of implementing large projects, embedding business in public administration programs. Collective lobbying in the form of various unions, associations and associations of business structures that are in constant dialogue with the authorities has received significant development and effectiveness in achieving the goals of implementing special sectoral interests. It is determined that the current trend of lobbying is the articulation of special interests of business in strategic areas of economic dynamics, where administrative and financial resources of the state are concentrated. Traditional and new motives of lobbying are moving into the sphere of forming a new investment cycle, strategic national ones. projects, digital development and solutions to environmental problems.

The article presents the main results of the development of the Department of sociology of public administration, the conditions and conceptual foundations of research and the content of the educational process. The results of the implementation of problem tasks in the framework of the direction Social state: modernization of management and social policy are shown. The main achievements in the field of scientific research are structured. The novelty of published textbooks and teaching AIDS is shown. The characteristic of the main academic disciplines developed by the Department is given.

Sustainable development is revealed in the direction of a new paradigm of social dynamics analysis. The transformation of the thinking and actions of governments and businesses in the blathe state — the fight against poverty — the protection of the environment calls into question the well-known formula for economic growth. The article examines the shortcomings of GDP as an indicator of socio-economic dynamics. The system of international ratings and their indicators including along with economic parameters a number of socio-environmental indicators is shown. However, it is shown that the value of GDP is not exhausted for socio-economic research. New international coordinate system for sustainable development applied on the study of forms of strategic planning of Russia Studied the problem of instability of development of Russian business, among which shows the deformation of the labor market and outdated material-technical base. These problems are factors of negative social and environmental changes. Practice is characterized by public companies in the field of sustainable development, based on the principles of the Global compact and includes the use of international standards, covering activities in environment, analysis and adjust working practices, quality management, socially responsible business.

The article analyzes the stages of formation of the principles of the welfare state, the development of its models. The basic model of a market economy does not deny the essential role of the state in socio-economic processes. It is shown that each of the stages is complementary to the fundamental characteristics of the phenomenon of the welfare state, based on new social practices. Historical evolution is represented by the enrichment functions of the state and business along the trajectory of the welfare state — social market economy — the welfare state. A central element of the social state is the social insurance institution, emerged in the socio-labor relations as a form of interaction of employees and employers with trade unions and the state. The dominant feature of the social market economy is to ensure free entrance of citizens in market activity and related functions of the state to ensure availability to markets of labor and capital, ensuring competition and private property rights. Welfare society based on a powerful upsurge of economic dynamics and productivity marks the transition to a new quality of life and overcoming social exclusion. Illustrates the emerging tendency to increase the share of the state in ensuring social economic dynamics. Identified positive and negative aspects of this process. For the practice of public administration in Russia proposed restructuring of the budget expenditures and insurance payments.