Suchergebnisse

Latin America has a favorable political and legal environment for the introduction of democratic innovations in the activities of public authorities. The use of information technology is seen as one of the key elements of democratization processes. Despite the relatively low level of Internet penetration and the crisis of confidence in political institutions the parliaments of these countries have been quite consistent in opening up access to their activities to citizens. The article analyzes the practices of the e-citizenship portal of the Brazilian Senate and the Peruvian Virtual Parliament, where for a long time on a systematic and regular basis citizens take part in the lawmaking process.

On 19 April 2022 the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences hosted the All-Russian scientific Conference with international participation "Diasporas and states of origin: legal mechanisms of interaction", organized jointly with the RUDN University Law Institute. The participants of the event considered a wide range of theoretical and applied issues related to the implementation of state policy toward compatriots living abroad. The conference was attended by scholars and practitioners, and representatives of foreign diasporas operating in Russia.

In recent years, representative bodies have taken some measures to adopt IT solutions, but the virtualization of parliamentary activities was not considered a priority. It was the COVID-19 pandemic that contributed to the incorporation of remote and hybrid modes of operation in parliamentary practice. The article examines what measures had to be taken to adapt the parliamentary infrastructure and procedure and what are the prospects for the use of these modes in parliamentary activities.

The analysis of the practice of the functioning of the Italian Parliament in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to identify the legal instruments by which the representative body managed to adapt to the new conditions and ensure the implementation of parliamentary procedures without making changes to the Standing Orders of the Chambers, to consider the impact of the continuing emergency regime and lockdown on the implementation of the legislative and oversight of the executive functions of the Parliament, to show what approaches are proposed in the doctrine to solve the identified problems

On June 14, 2023 at the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Science the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation "Institutes of public authority: adaptation to changing conditions of functioning" was held. Representatives of the leading Russian scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers from Belarus and Uzbekistan discussed a wide range of problems related to the understanding of public authority and justification of its types, the specifics of implementation of the principle of separation of powers and interaction of various branches and levels of public authority in the modern conditions, ensuring the independence of the judiciary and implementation of constitutional review, as well as the interaction of public authorities with the population and civil society institutions. Particular attention was paid to the impact of information technology on the activities of public authorities.

On October 18, 2023 the Institute of State and Law of the RAS hosted the All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation "Human rights: problems of conceptualization, positivization and protection. On the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights". It was attended by representatives of leading Russian scientific and educational institutions, as well as researchers from Belarus and Uzbekistan. The Conference emphasized the continuing importance of the Universal Declaration for the establishment of international human rights standards. The participants of the scientific event discussed a wide range of problems related to the development of the doctrine of human rights and the practice of their protection in modern conditions characterized by the increasing complexity of international relations, the diversification of social inequalities and the introduction of new technologies.

This article explores the evolution of the Supreme Court of Canada's approach to the application of the concept of human dignity in constitutional equality cases. Traditionally, in human rights cases, this concept serves only to strengthen the argument, to show that the violation affects the person's intrinsic worth. It is only in Canada and in South Africa that there is experience in applying the concept as a criterion for identifying discrimination. In 1999, in Law v. Canada, the Supreme Court recognized the purpose of Article 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms of 1982 to be the protection of human dignity and stated that discrimination must be established based on assessment of the impact of a program or law on human dignity. However, in 2008, in R. v. Kapp, the Court noted that the application of the concept of human dignity creates difficulties and places an additional burden of prove on the plaintiff. It is no coincidence that victims of discrimination have preferred to seek protection before human rights tribunals and commissions, where the dignity-based test is not used. Subsequently, the Supreme Court of Canada rejected the use of the concept of human dignity as a criterion for identifying discrimination. The unsuccessful experience of applying the concept of human dignity as legal test has demonstrated that not every theoretically correct legal construction is effective in adjudication.

Involvement of children with migration history in the Russian education system is a necessary condition for their integration into the host society, their future economic and social success. Less than 20% of migrant children living in our country attend schools. But even their education causes serious problems due to poor knowledge of the Russian language, gaps in general education, and upbringing in a different ethno-cultural environment, often differing in its values and accepted rules of behavior. Russia and foreign states are implementing a variety of legal and organizational measures aimed at solving these problems and social adaptation of migrant children. The subject of this article is the analysis and generalization of the most effective practices.