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"Biosocial criminology is an interdisciplinary field that aims to explain crime and antisocial behavior by exploring both biological factors and environmental factors. Since the mapping of the human genome, scientists have been able to study the biosocial causes of human behaviour with the greatest specificity. After decades of almost exclusive sociological focus, criminology has undergone a paradigm shift where the field is more interdisciplinary and this book combines perspectives from criminology and sociology with contributions from fields such as genetics, neuropsychology, and evolutionary psychology. The Routledge International Handbook of Biosocial Criminology is the largest and most comprehensive work of its kind, and is organized into five sections that collectively span the terrain of biosocial research on antisocial behavior. Bringing together leading experts from around the world, this book considers the criminological, genetic and neuropsychological foundations of offending, as well as the legal and criminal justice applications of biosocial criminological theory and will be essential reading for students, researchers, and practitioners from across the social, behavioural, and natural sciences who are engaged in the study of antisocial behaviour. "--

The misalignment between economic strengthening opportunities and women's agency is especially salient given the connection between women's economic empowerment and household well-being. Using Kenya Demographic Health Survey 2014 data, we examine married women's agency in household economic decision making. Women who are less likely to characterize abusive patterns of behavior as problematic and women reporting emotional abuse are less likely to report economic autonomy in the household. Furthermore, data indicate little congruence in perceptions of wife's household economic autonomy between couples. These findings point to the need to understand the interplay among structural factors, gender, marital status, and the financial well-being of married persons.

The current article is a targeted review of two biosocial constructs, neuropsychological deficits relating to self-control and temperament, which as demonstrated by prior researchers are importantly related to antisocial behavior, importantly related to other constructs that influence antisocial behavior, such as aggression, and importantly related to prevention efforts. We explicate what is known about neuropsychological deficits relating to self-control and temperament specifically vis-à-vis prevention and early intervention programs that seek to preclude the development of costly antisocial careers.

At the beginning of history, people abused intoxicating substances and grappled with the consequences as best they could. In more recent times, the healing professions made recognizing, understanding, and treating addictions major priorities. Today, social workers are the largest group providing assessment, prevention, and treatment services for persons with addictions, necessitating rigorous, up-to-date information sources concerning the vulnerable and often stigmatized clients they encounter in daily practice. Reflecting a strong basis in social justice and ethics, Social Work Practice in the Addictions assembles the current evidence base in one readable, comprehensive volume. It begins by tracing the history of approaches to addiction and its treatment, from early morality-based concepts to today's multilayered models. From there, contributors present the latest findings on epidemiology and etiology, assessment and treatment options, working meaningfully with diverse populations, and possibilities for future research. Coverage is interdisciplinary, with experts representing psychology, psychiatry, public health, and other related fields as chapters: Review frequently used assessment tools.Decode the language of diagnosis.Detail effective treatment strategies, including motivational interventions, recovery/12-step facilitation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.Offer a framework for integrating diversity and social justice into addictions practice.Critique current alcohol and drug control policies.Model non-judgmental social work practice. Social Work Practice in the Addictions is a trustworthy guide for social work professionals, educators, and counselors looking to hone critical competencies, keep abreast of the field, and maintain an open mind.

At the beginning of history, people abused intoxicating substances and grappled with the consequences as best they could. In more recent times, the healing professions made recognizing, understanding, and treating addictions major priorities. Today, social workers are the largest group providing assessment, prevention, and treatment services for persons with addictions, necessitating rigorous, up-to-date information sources concerning the vulnerable and often stigmatized clients they encounter in daily practice. Reflecting a strong basis in social justice and ethics, Social Work Practice in the Addictions assembles the current evidence base in one readable, comprehensive volume. It begins by tracing the history of approaches to addiction and its treatment, from early morality-based concepts to today's multilayered models. From there, contributors present the latest findings on epidemiology and etiology, assessment and treatment options, working meaningfully with diverse populations, and possibilities for future research. Coverage is interdisciplinary, with experts representing psychology, psychiatry, public health, and other related fields as chapters: Review frequently used assessment tools. Decode the language of diagnosis. Detail effective treatment strategies, including motivational interventions, recovery/12-step facilitation, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Offer a framework for integrating diversity and social justice into addictions practice. Critique current alcohol and drug control policies. Model non-judgmental social work practice. Social Work Practice in the Addictions is a trustworthy guide for social work professionals, educators, and counselors looking to hone critical competencies, keep abreast of the field, and maintain an open mind.

English This article reviews the socioeconomic and political context of substance misuse by street children in Brazil. Although findings are limited, available research reveals an urgent need for implementation of policies for street children. Programs for preventing substance misuse and delinquency are still missing political and infrastructural support. French Cette étude analyse le contexte politique et socioéconomique qui entoure le mauvais emploi de substances par les enfants de la rue du Brésil. Bien que les résultats soient limités, la recherche indique que l'établissement de politiques concernant les enfants de la rue est un enjeu urgent. Il n'y a pas encore de cadre politique et d'infrastructures pour soutenir les programmes de prévention de la consommation et de la délinquance. Spanish Este artículo revisa el contexto socioeconómico y político del fundamento del abuso de niños de la calle en Brasil. Aunque los hallazgos son limitados, la investigación disponible revela una urgente necesidad de implementación de políticas respecto a los niños de la calle. Los programas para prevenir el fundamento del abuso y la delincuencia aún están ausentes de apoyo político e infraestructural.

Objective: A synthesis was conducted to assess outcome findings and methodological characteristics of controlled evaluations of adolescent substance abuse treatments. Method: Extensive computerized and manual bibliographic searches were employed to identify controlled evaluations of adolescent substance abuse treatment. Meta-analytic techniques were utilized to gauge effect sizes across studies to determine which interventions are most effective. An index of methodological quality was computed for each study using ratings of 13 study design factors. Interventions were classified by a combination of their design strength, achievement of desired effect, and other evidence factors. Results: Findings indicate that multidimensional family therapy and cognitive-behavioral group treatment received the highest level of evidentiary support. Seven other interventions showed evidence of effectiveness as well. Conclusions: Several interventions are effective for treating adolescent substance abuse. These treatments are psycho-social in nature, exist within a structured framework, and should be appealing to social work practitioners.

Background: Haitians immigrate to the United States for many reasons, including the opportunity to escape political violence. The extant literature on Haitian immigrant health focuses on post-migration, rather than pre-migration, environments and experiences. Objective: In this study, we analyze health outcomes data from a nationally representative sample of Haitian immigrants in the United States from 1996 to 2015. We estimate age-adjusted associations between pre-migration residence in Haiti during the repressive regimes and generalized terror of Francois and Jean-Claude Duvalier, who ran Haiti from 1957 to 1986.Methods: We used ordered probit regression models to quantify age-adjusted associations between the duration of pre-migration residence in Haiti during the Duvalier regime, and the distribution of post-migration health status among Haitian immigrants in the United States. Findings: Our study sample included 2,438 males and 2,800 females ages 15 and above. The mean age of males was 43.5 (standard deviation, 15.5) and the mean age of females was 44.7 (standard deviation, 16.6). Each additional decade of pre-migration residence in Haiti during the Duvalier regime is associated with a 2.9 percentage point decrease (95% confidence interval 0.6 to 5.3) in excellent post-migration health for males, and a 2.8 percentage point decrease (95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 4.8) for females. Within the subsample of Haitian immigrants with any pre-migration residence in Haiti during the Duvalier regime, each additional decade since the regime is associated with a 3.3 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 5.5) in excellent post-migration health for males, and a 2.3 percentage point increase (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 4.1) for females.Conclusions: Overall, we found statistically significant and negative associations between the Duvalier regime and the post-migration distribution of health status 10 to 57 years later. We found statistically significant and positive associations between the length of time since the Duvalier regime and post-migration health.