Suchergebnisse

For the past few years, major progress in providing academic autonomy to Ukrainian universities has been made. However, a large number of universities even now remain the establishments with post-Soviet bureaucratic type of organization of management. As a result, a severe and complicated system of control over current activity has been supported, which requires from scientific and pedagogical workers not only to work effectively, but also to keep the set of rules and procedures. The purpose of the research is to search for possibilities of efficient application by modern universities of flexible matrix structures of management while forming their own internal system of quality control. Threats from bureaucratic management have been generalized for competitiveness of a modern university at the market of educational, scientific and consulting services. The concept and methodology on de-bureaucratization of the system of quality in higher education on the basis of the process approach of the theory of management and rationalistic logistics obtained further development. The mechanism of management of quality at the operational level of the university through integration of the segment-focused approach, system of grading and matrix organization of regular processes has been improved. Ways to apply matrix structure the middle and low levels of managing university have been suggested. Author's recommendations have been provided towards rating evaluation of work of departments and their segment-focused structural organization. The matrix structure of management of quality of carrying out the temporary research project in the university under the conditions of the budget commission has been developed and practically tested.

From the first years of independence, the Islamic Republic of Iran's political course was aimed both at strengthening its position in the Persian Gulf region and at gaining the status of leader of the entire Muslim world. In this context, it is particularly important to understand the specifics of Iran's relations with its neighbors, the extent of their influence on them and the prospects for cooperation between the parties in various spheres of public life. Therefore, it is important to research and analyze the complex complex of Iranian-Iraqi relations in thehistorical context and at the present stage. The period of the 1970s and 1990s was characterized by a significant transformation of the regional system of international relations, which had a decisive influence on the problem of security of the Persian Gulf. The Iran-Iraq conflict has arisen as a result of prolonged border disputes as well as political, national and religious differences. It is related to the internal political, economic and social problems of Iran and Iraq, the balance of power in the Middle East. One of its main causes was the struggle for hegemony in the Persian Gulf. The process of resolving the Iran-Iraq conflict began in a highly complex and complicated diplomatic struggle, which is the result of a clash of interests between regional and foreign forces. In addition, the political instability in Iran, the conflict between the Iranian leadership and the United States over the Islamic Revolution, led Iraq to hope for the successful outcome of the war. Saddam Hussein sought to endorse Iraq's position in the Persian Gulf. The Iran-Iraq war, namely Iraq's aggressive misconduct, testified to the crisis in the international relations system of the Cold War. ; Період 70–90-х років характеризується суттєвою трансформацією регіональної системи міжнародних відносин, що впливала на проблему убезпечення Перської затоки. Ірано-іракський конфлікт виник унаслідок тривалих суперечок із прикордонних питань, а також у результаті розбіжностей політичного, національного та релігійного характеру. Він пов'язаний із внутрішньополітичними, економічними й соціальними проблемами Ірану та Іраку, співвідношенням сил на Близькому й Середньому Сході. Однією з головних його причин стала боротьба за гегемонію в Перській затоці. Із перших років незалежності політичний курс Ісламської Республіки Іран був направлений як на укріплення своїх позицій у регіоні Перської затоки, так і на здобуття статусу лідера всього мусульманського світу. У контексті цього особливо важливим є намагання зрозуміти специфіку стосунків Ірану з його сусідами, ступінь поширення на них свого впливу й перспективи співробітництва сторін у різних сферах суспільного життя. Тому важливими є дослідження та аналіз складного комплексу ірано-іракських відносин в історичному контексті й на сучасному етапі. Процес урегулювання ірано-іракського конфлікту почався в умовах дуже складної та заплутаної ипломатичної боротьби, що є результатом зіткнення інтересів регіональних і зовнішніх сил. Окрім того, політична нестабільність в Ірані, конфлікт іранського керівництва зі США у зв'язку з ісламською революцією дали підставу Іраку сподіватися на успішний результат війни. Саддам Хусейн прагнув затвердити позиції Іраку в Перській затоці. Ірано-іракська війна, а саме агресивні неправомірні дії Іраку, свідчили про кризу в системі міжнародних відносин періоду «холодної війни».

Development of the system of ensuring quality in higher education of Ukraine grounded the creation of such management subject as a guarantor of the educational program. However, a formal understanding of the role and uncertainty of the guarantor's status in the contemporary area of managing higher education institutions became the widespread consequence of those innovations. Considering the stated above, various models of managing the quality of educational programs with the help of the guarantor have been developed in the research, and conditions for efficient application of such models in Ukrainian universities have been grounded. The research is based on the application of the strategic analysis method GAP for identifying issues and features of organizing management in systems of internal quality assurance in universities, and methods of modeling and graphical analysis method for creating alternative management systems in educational programs with and without such professional educational-scientific structural subdivisions as departments. As a result, the developed models include the rational organization of management of educational programs under the conditions of centralized and decentralized systems of internal educational quality assurance provision. For instance, it could create favorable conditions for decreasing bureaucracy and repetition of functions in the management system of universities and lead to the realization of the individual potential of guarantors as managers-experts in educational programs. Acknowledgment To the National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance for the possibility to take part in accreditation expertise and consulting evaluation of educational programs in universities of Ukraine. The research was carried out also within the context of the tasks of Ukrainian-American international project "Program of professional development of them managerial staff in Ukrainian universities," which was initiated by the investment company "Rayter Inc." (The USA). In addition, we are thankful to the Czech Development Cooperation support, which allowed this scientific cooperation to start (through projects: "Strengthening scientific capacities and cooperation of Ukrainian universities in AgriSciences" and "Interuniversity cooperation as a tool to improve the quality of selected universities in Ukraine").