Suchergebnisse

The paper presents a distinct example of how the name of a well-known
geographical area in the Durmitor Mountain (Old Herzegovina, today
Montenegro) became distorted from ?Drovnjak? to ?Drobnjak?, to illustrate
and discuss an enduring process of altering toponymswith Serbian linguistic
basis, under Western, Latin, and Roman Catholic cultural influences,
particularly in the last 100 years along with the establishment of
Serbo-Croatian linguistic community. Here, the Old Church Slavonic (Serbian)
geographical name ?Drovnjak?, which comes from the word ?tree? (?????), is
considered as a Greek vitacism and changed to betacism ?Drobnjak?. Phoneme
?v? (vita) is replaced by phoneme ?b? (beta), the same as it is in the case
of names: Byzantium (Vizantija, Serb.), Babylon (Vavilon, Serb.), Arabia and
Arabian Sea (Aravija, Aravijsko more, Serb.), etc. The paper also presents
other examples of the process of distortion of toponymswhere the phoneme
?nj? (pronounced /?/) changes to ?n? (pronounced /n/) (as in Tusinja-Tusina,
Petnjica-Petnica) and ?lj? (pronounced /?/) to ?l? (pronounced /l/) (as in
Pljevlja-Plevlja), etc. Clear orthographic norms of common standard language
that required writing toponymsin the form used in the local dialect were not
respected. This paper can be an incentive for similar researches in
territories where Serbs predominantly live or used to live, so that such
distorted toponymscould be restored to their original forms, as part of the
process of new standardization of geographical names led by the Commission
for the Standardization of Geographical Names of the Republic of Serbia.

This paper discusses the massive use of camps by the Austro-Hungarian Empire
during the First World War, 1914-1918, in order to achieve its war aims,
being the most prominent country of the Central Powers. The camps were
founded for each nation separately. There were at least 300 camps, out of
which ten were large. There were captivated Serbian prisoners of war, but
unlike other nations, there were also Serbian civilians interned, which was
prohibited by Geneva conventions. In these camps, there was a mass mortality
of Serbian inmates aged 1 to 101 years. The final number of imprisoned and
killed Serbs has not been determined, but it is considered to be much higher
than the estimated number accepted at the peace conference in Versailles.
From the previous research the main causes of their suffering can be seen.
These are hunger, inadequate housing of the inmates, the location of the
camps, heavy forced labor, poor hygiene and health care, illness and disease,
punishment and looting of detainees, etc. All camps operated by the same
principle and achieved the same war results: the mass mortality of the
imprisoned people. Given that the camps were massively opened during the
Second World War by the same countries, it is clear that from the beginning
they were planned and designed as the most efficient means of genocide
against the Serbs.