Suchergebnisse

In genetics laboratories in Latin America, scientists have been mapping the genomes of local populations, seeking to locate the genetic basis of complex diseases and to trace population histories. As part of their work, geneticists often calculate the European, African, and Amerindian genetic ancestry of populations. Some researchers explicitly connect their findings to questions of national identity and racial and ethnic difference, bringing their research to bear on issues of politics and identity.Drawing on ethnographic research in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico, the contributors to Mestizo G

Este estudo analisa a consistência do módulo demográfico do Sistema de Informação da Atenção da Saúde Indígena para o Distrito Especial Indígena Xavante (DSEI), Mato Grosso, no período de 1999 a 2004. Os dados foram obtidos através de relatórios disponibilizados pelo SIASIWEB. A base de dados foi investigada com vistas a detectar inconsistências, incluindo mais de um registro para um mesmo evento. Para todo o DSEI, a taxa de mortalidade infantil (TMI) no período passou de 89,2 para 83,8 por mil após as correções na base de dados. Ao se analisar por polo-base, as alterações foram ainda mais substanciais. No caso do Polo-base de Água Boa, a redução da TMI foi de 43,3 para 21,3 por mil. As taxas brutas de mortalidade e de natalidade também experimentaram redução após as correções. Esses achados evidenciam problemas significativos na base de dados sobre saúde do povo Xavante, com a geração de indicadores demográficos que se distanciam da situação real da população. Os autores destacam a necessidade de aprimoramento da coleta e análise dos dados demográficos no âmbito do sistema de informação sobre a saúde indígena. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Xavante, demografia indígena, sistema de informação, indicadores demográficos, índios sul-americanos. DEMOGRAPHIC COMPONENT OF THE INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE ATTENTION TO INDIGENOUS HEALTH, DSEI-XAVÁNTE, MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL Luciene Guimarães de Souza Ricardo Ventura Santos This study analyzes the consistence of the demographic module of the System of Information of Attention to Indigenous Health for the Shavante Indian Indigenous Special District (in Portuguese, DSEI), Mato Grosso, from 1999 to 2004. The data were obtained through reports made available by SIASIWEB. The database was investigated trying to detect inconsistencies, including more than a single registration for the same event. For the whole DSEI, the infant mortality rate (in Portuguese, TMI) in the period went from 89,2 to 83,8 per thousand after the corrections in the database. Analyzing by base headquarters, the alterations were even more substantial. In the case of the Água Boa base headquarters, the reduction of TMI went from 43,3 to 21,3 per thousand. The gross mortality and birth rates also experienced reduction after the corrections. Those discoveries evidence significant problems in the database on the health of the Shavante people, generating demographic indicators that are distant of the real situation of the population. The authors point out the need of enhancement of the collection and analysis of the demographic data in the extent of the system of information about the indigenous health. KEYWORDS: Shavante Indian, indigenous demography, information system, demographic indicators, South American Indians. COMPOSANTE DEMOGRAPHIQUE DU SYSTEME D'INFORMATION A L'ATTENTION DE LA SANTE INDIGENE, DSEI-XAVÁNTE, MATO GROSSO, BRESIL Luciene Guimarães de Souza Ricardo Ventura Santos Cette étude analyse la consistance du module démographique du Système d'Information et d'Attention attribué à la Santé Indigène dans le District Spécial Indigène Xavante (Sistema de Informação da Atenção da Saúde Indígena para o Distrito Especial Indígena Xavante - DSEI), dans le Mato Grosso, de 1999 à 2004. Les données ont été obtenues à partir des rapports fournis par le SIASIWEB. La base des données a été étudiée afin d'y détecter les incohérences, y compris le fait d'avoir divers rapports pour un même événement. Dans tout le DSEI, le taux de mortalité infantile (TMI) de cette période, est passé de 89,2 à 83,8 pour mille, après qu'on ait corrigé la base de données. Si l'on analyse par pôle de base, les changements ont été encore plus substantiels. Dans le cas du Pôle de base de Agua-Boa, la réduction du TMI est passée de 43,3 à 21,3 pour mille. Les taux bruts de mortalité et de natalité ont également été réduits après corrections. Ces résultats mettent en évidence d'importants problèmes concernant la base des données relatives à la santé du peuple Xavante, avec une production d'indicateurs démographiques qui s'éloignent de la situation réelle de la population. Les auteurs soulignent le besoin d'améliorer la collecte et l'analyse des données démographiques au sein du système d'information sur la santé des indigènes. MOTS-CLÉS: Xavante, démographie indigène, système d'information, indicateurs démographiques, indiens sud-américains. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

ABSTRACTIn recent years, anthropologists, science scholars, and historians of science have shown growing interest in the history of research in physical anthropology in the post–World War II period, although most of the studies concentrate on North America and Europe. Here we focus on the history of human biological diversity research in South America in the 1960s. We carry out a comparative analysis of the research programs coordinated by two influential North American researchers (the geneticists Newton Morton and James Neel) in Brazil. We analyze the genesis of the two projects in light of the scientific and sociopolitical alignments of the period, and we find that the research was strongly tied to the context of the Cold War. We also address the scientific perspectives and choice of study populations (Indians and mestiços), as well as how the researchers attempted to construct far‐reaching scientific models pertinent to the human species as a whole based on the concept of "primitiveness." We argue that the research programs that Morton and Neel initiated in the 1960s are basic to the understanding of the history of physical anthropology not only in Brazil but also on a global scale in the decades following World War II. [history of physical–biological anthropology, human population diversity, population genetics, science studies, Newton Morton, James Neel, Brazil]