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According to the authors of the article, works of fiction that introduce shocking ideas into aesthetic reality fit into the general contemporary discourse of the extreme. Literary texts marked by the extreme are based on the principles of taboos violation which are expressed in the space of creativity as an invasion of forbidden topics, a rethinking of the concept of good and evil, a deviation from the norm of any type (from moral and ethical to linguistic). The material for the analysis is the modern Ural writers' works of various genre-generic forms: a book of poems "The Gospel of Lucifer" by A. Vavilov (2019), a novel "Department" by A. Salnikov (2018), a play "Claustrophobia" by K. Kostenko (2003). The paper shows how the category of the extreme manifests itself at all levels of the text: from problem-thematic (total alienation from traditional norms of life, identity crisis) to specific methods of world modeling associated with the image of the impaired consciousness of a modern person (zoomorphic code, dead-end space, obligatory motives of aggression) and linguistic extremism, based on prison and militaristic vocabulary, on taboo lexical units of the body bottom. Despite genre-generic difference of the works selected for the analysis, there is a similarity of the methods of depicting modern reality and the worldview of a person within the framework of everyday life combined not only by the extremely unusual (i. e., extreme) but also beyond the limits of the allowable and permissible. This poetics includes a lot of grotesque methods of amplification and redundancy with the help of which the recognizable features of modern reality are sharpened and depicted. © 2020 Institute of History and Archeology of the Ural Branch of RAS. All rights reserved.

The article deals with the verbal construction of the gender identity of the female language personality on the material of Polish and Russian dating site adverts. In the Slavic world the gender identity is based on Christian values that shape the patriarchal consciousness. In the Soviet period of the history of the Eastern Slavic countries the ideology of female social emancipation emerged and manifested in the image of a working mother. This type of the gender identity can be defined as androgynous. The current stage is characterised by fundamental changes in the socio-political and economic structure of the Eastern European countries. It coincides with the emergence of new, equal relations between the genders in all developed countries in the last third of the twentieth century. An emerging new type of the gender identity demonstrates the breakdown of traditional values typical to the Slavic mentality. Dynamic processes are reflected in modern speech practices. A comparative analysis of Polish and Russian dating site adverts shows that the real femininity of modern women is of a variable nature. However, the research shows the rooted patriarchal foundations of the Slavic culture as well as the consolidation of the androgynous gender identity, similar for the Russian and Polish mentality, which remain different in the current gender attitudes. New value preferences of Russian women demonstrate the desire to level the female principle and acquire the leadership and psychological features of the masculine type. The gender behaviour of Polish women reveals a tendency to build an equal relationship with a man while emphasizing their femininity which they consider to be a virtue but not a flaw. Partnership for Polish women is implemented in gender complementarity. © Association "Rus", 2005-2018. ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR ; The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Grant Nr. 18-012-00382/18, by Government of the Russian Federation Act 211, Agreement Nr. 2.A03.21.0006, within the framework of research conducted at the Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences.

Поступила в редакцию 12.02.2019. Принята к печати 18.04.2019. ; Submitted on 12 February, 2019. Accepted on 18 April, 2019. ; С опорой на публицистический материал русской, монгольской, финской прессы рассматриваются особенности метафорического использования языковых средств, вербализирующих элементы кулинарно-гастрономической сферы в политическом дискурсе. Употребление рус. кухня, монг. гал тогоо 'кухня', фин. keittiö 'то же' в переносном значении, закрепленное в толковых словарях, дает основу для доказательства универсальности бытовой артефактной метафоры в разных языках. Популярность метафоры кухни как средства концептуализации политической жизни объясняется тем, что кухня и политика — сферы жизнедеятельности, где процесс приготовления пищи, с одной стороны, и проведение самостоятельной политики и принятия решений по каким-либо важным вопросам — с другой, — представляют собой сложное по своей природе явление, требующее определенного мастерства и профессионализма. В результате действий, скрытых от внимания непосвященных, готовится некое «блюдо», качественно не похожее на первоначальный набор исходных компонентов. Интенсивность политической жизни передается «температурными» лексемами разных частей речи: глаголами «варить», «вариться», «кипеть», «бурлить», «пениться», «ошпариться»; существительными «огонь», «кипяток», «пар»; прилагательными и причастиями: «горячий», «раскаленный», «бурлящий». Универсальные блюда всех политических кухонь — «каша» и «суп», приготовление которых связано с беспорядочным смешиванием ингредиентов в кипящем состоянии, характеризуют сложность и неконтролируемость активной политической жизни. Анализируемая модель обладает мощным аксиологическим потенциалом. Кухня как компонент мира повседневности часто выступает как изнанка бытия, непривлекательная для посторонних глаз, формируя негативную характеристику политической деятельности, связанной с неблаговидными поступками и нечистоплотными делами людей, вовлеченных в политический процесс. Кулинарно-гастрономическая метафора вовлекает в свой дискурс также метафору грязи, что усиливает негативную характеристику политической деятельности. ; Referring to journalistic materials of the Russian, Mongolian, and Finnish press, the authors consider the features of the metaphorical use of language means that verbalise the elements of the culinary and gastronomic sphere in political discourse. The figurative use of the Rus. кухня, Mong. гал тогоо, Fin. keittiö "kitchen" fixed in explanatory dictionaries provides a basis for proving the universal character of the household artifact metaphor in different languages. The popularity of the kitchen metaphor as a means of conceptualising political life is due to the fact that kitchen and politics are spheres of life where the process of cooking, on the one hand, and conducting independent policies and decision-making on important issues, on the other, are complex phenomena in their nature and require a certain skill and professionalism. As a result of actions hidden from the attention of the uninitiated, a kind of "dish" is prepared, and it is qualitatively different from the original set of ingredients. The intensity of political life is transmitted by "temperature" lexemes of different parts of speech: "cook", "stew", "boil", "seethe", "foam", "scald"; nouns "fire", "boiling water", "steam"; adjectives and participles: "hot", "red-hot", "boiling". Porridge and soup are universal dishes of all the political cuisines and cooking them is connected with the indiscriminate mixing of ingredients in a boiling state and characterising the complexity and uncontrollability of active political life and political seasonings. The model analysed has a powerful axiological potential. Kitchen as a component of the world of everyday life often shows the inside of life, unattractive to prying eyes, forming a negative characteristic of political activities associated with unseemly and unscrupulous deeds of the people involved in the political process. The culinary and gastronomic metaphor involves the metaphor of dirt in its discourse and reinforces the negative characteristic of the political activity. ; Исследование поддержано программой 211 Правительства Российской Федерации, соглашение № 02. A03.21.0006; исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 19-012-00399А «Аксиологический потенциал современной русской метафоры». ; The study was supported by the program 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement № 02.A03.21.0006; the study was performed with financial support of Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 19-012-00399А "Axiological Potential of Modern Russian Metaphor".