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AbstractThe growing debate on the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage has refocused discussion on the factors that influence this intergenerational process. This study provides a short review of the central mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of (dis)advantage and illustrates the importance of these mechanisms using findings from three recent studies undertaken in Australia using Australian household and administrative longitudinal data.

AbstractEnergy poverty is a temporary condition, yet a non‐negligible share of the Australian population suffers persistent energy disadvantage. Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, we observe that single individuals, single‐parent households and those with a disabled household member are at high risk of persistent energy poverty. This is also true for non‐working individuals and immigrants from non‐English‐speaking countries. Nevertheless, highly educated individuals, those living in metropolitan areas and homeowners are less likely to persistently experience energy poverty. Government investment in energy efficiency is crucial to reduce electricity bills and have healthier homes.

Deborah Roberts acknowledges the support of funding from the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS). We would like to thank the reviewers and editor for their valuable comments. All usual caveat apply. ; Peer reviewed ; Postprint

"Der Aufsatz untersucht die Dynamik der Einkommensschwäche in ländlichen Gebieten, indem er mit Hilfe des 'British Household Panel Survey' Vergleiche zwischen einer Stichprobe vom Lande mit einer andersartigen zieht. Der Aufsatz berücksichtigt Einkommensverteilungen und Ungleichheit, Mobilität geringer Einkommen, die Streuung von Perioden niedrigen Einkommens, die Hauptmerkmale der einkommensschwachen Bevölkerung und in zwei Stichproben mögliche Auslösemomente, die Abstieg zu und Aufstieg von geringen Einkommen begleiten. Obschon absolut gesehen von etwas geringerer Bedeutung als in nicht-ländlichen Gebieten, bestätigen die Ergebnisse doch, daß Einkommensschwäche in ländlichen Gebieten eine bedeutende Rolle spielt, und betonen mehrere wichtige Aspekte des Problems, wie etwa das Ausmaß gleichbleibender Einkommensschwäche unter den Armen auf dem Lande." (Autorenreferat)

Peer reviewed ; Updated version (Dec. 2004) The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between satisfaction with waiting times in a Public Primary Health Care Service and a host of individual variables as well as market determinants. Since waiting time is imposing an opportunity cost on individuals, we model how agents derive different levels of utility and thus report degrees of satisfaction accounting for differences on opportunity cost components. The empirical research draws upon data from the 2002 Survey for Improving Patient Satisfaction with the Health Care Service in Andalucía. Ordered probit models are used to estimate different indirect utility functions specifications for the whole sample, as well as for men and women sub-samples and different age categories. Results suggest that there is evidence to support the existence of different behavior within both sex and age groups and that provided healthcare characteristics also shape utility and satisfaction. Funding from the Department of Health of the Andalucian Regional Government to undertake the 'Survey for Improving Patient Satisfaction with the Health Care Service in Andalucía' is acknowledged.

Background. User´s satisfaction is an important tool to evaluate the performance of healthcare services. Measures of satisfaction are important tools for research, administration and planning.-- Objectives. (i) Study patient satisfaction as a multidimensional concept including organizational issues, professional competence, human characteristics, and status of facilities as dimensions determining the relation between patients and healthcare providers; and (ii) Investigate the contribution of each dimension to overall patient satisfaction, their determinants so as to examine individual and market characteristics which affect overall patient satisfaction, and their mechanisms of operation.-- Design. Our dataset is based on results from a survey undertaken in health centres to patients visiting their physician. We use information on: (i) Individual variables -demographic, socioeconomic and psychological-; (ii) Market variables –scheduling, centre type, habitat-. The four dimensions included are: organizational issues, professional competence, human characteristics and status of facilities.-- Main Measures. Patient overall satisfaction is measured as recommendation of the service (dichotomous variable which allows focus on patient's discontent). Satisfaction defined over the four dimensions are measured as ordinal variables (5-point Likert's scale).-- Results. Although individual and market characteristics affect satisfaction with each dimension and overall satisfaction, they operate differently. The characteristics of the provided service determine dramatically, but not only, satisfaction with organisational issues. Since the later is the relatively more important component of overall quality assessment, policy-makers should keep track of these control variables.-- Conclusions. We have provided a tool for health policy management to be aimed towards ameliorating patient's discontent, since we have identified patients' "value chain".

Updated version (Dec. 2004) ; The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between satisfaction with waiting times in a Public Primary Health Care Service and a host of individual variables as well as market determinants. Since waiting time is imposing an opportunity cost on individuals, we model how agents derive different levels of utility and thus report degrees of satisfaction accounting for differences on opportunity cost components. The empirical research draws upon data from the 2002 Survey for Improving Patient Satisfaction with the Health Care Service in Andalucía. Ordered probit models are used to estimate different indirect utility functions specifications for the whole sample, as well as for men and women sub-samples and different age categories. Results suggest that there is evidence to support the existence of different behavior within both sex and age groups and that provided healthcare characteristics also shape utility and satisfaction. ; Funding from the Department of Health of the Andalucian Regional Government to undertake the 'Survey for Improving Patient Satisfaction with the Health Care Service in Andalucía' is acknowledged. ; Peer reviewed