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"BY MOST ACCOUNTS, EUROPE HAS BEEN MIRED IN A "DEMOGRAHIC CRISIS" SINCE ABOUT 1970. BY A DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS IS MEANT THAT EUROPE'S DEPENDENCY RATIO IS INCREASING, THE NET RESULT HAS BEEN DECLINING POPULATIONS AND FEWER WORKERS TO SUSTAIN SOCIETY. HOWEVER, THERE ARE CERTAIN ISSUES THAT NEED ATTENTION. TWO TOPICS SEEM TO CAPTURE SOME OF THESE ISSUES: THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE POSSIBLE CRISIS, AND THE CRISIS'S ASSESSMENT. THE PRESENT VOLUME IS ORGANIZED AROUND BOTH TOPICS (IMPLICATIONS AND ASSESSMENT). THERE ARE AT LEAST THREE CONTRIBUTIONS BEING MADE BY THE PROPOSED VOLUME. TO BEGIN WITH, WHILE THERE ARE OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO THE DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS IN EUROPE THE PRESENT VOLUME SHOULD MOTIVATE ADDITIONAL RESEARCH. SECONDLY, THE RESEARCH IN THE PROPOSED VOLUME DOES NOT NECESSARILY ASSUME THAT THERE IS A DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS IN EUROPE NOR THAT IT IS CONSISTENT ACROSS NATIONAL LILNES. THUS, EACH CHAPTER, IN ESSENCE, EXAMINES A DIFFERENT ISSUE ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROPOSAL THAT THERE IS A CRISIS. FINALLY, THE PRESENT VOLUME MAKES SEVERAL METHODOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE CHAPTER BY DAVID SWANSON USES BAYESIAN MODELING IN STUDYING INFANT MORTALITY. RICHARD VERDUGO EXAMINES THE DEPENDENCY RATIO AND SELECTED FACTORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED EUROPEAN NATIONS, SAKKEUS AND COLLEAGUES LOOK AT THE IMPACT OF HISTORY AND CULTURE ON THE DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS, KPOSOWA AND EZZAT CONDUCT AN ASSESSMENT, MARTINS EXAMINES VARIATION IN THE PATH TOWARD A CRISIS, JOHNSON EXAMINES HUMANITARIAN MIGRATION AND THE CRISIS, EDMONSTON EXAMINES THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE CRISIS AND AGEING, AND DUMONT CONSIDERS THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN GEOPOLITCS AND THE CRISIS"--

The demography of the Mexican-American population -- Fabens in years prior to Anglo arrival -- Anglo arrival: the Mexican-American War, land displacement, and the emergence of a segmented labor force -- Land, economics, and labor: the emergence of the Chicano working class -- Background and characteristics of the Fabens population -- Education and the schools -- Business and the consumer -- The influentials: community leadership and decision-making -- Wealth, poverty, and ideology in Fabens -- Appendices -- Agriculture -- Crops -- Labor and mechanization -- Farm economics.

This monograph examines changes in the American public school population from 1900 to 2010. It shows how different historical periods have affected the composition of the student body and have posed important challenges to those involved in shaping educational policy. The author first develops an analytical framework that merges education and applied demography concepts. The education concepts include attendance, promotion, retention, high school graduation, and college enrollment. While, the applied demography concepts take into account size, distribution, and composition. He then applies this framework to the four most recent American historical periods: the Progressive Era, the Great Depression, the Post WWII Era, and the Post 1983 Era. Readers will come to understand the changing socio-demographic profile of American schools due to such factors as immigration from Europe, child labor laws, internal migration, greater fertility and the rise of the Baby Boom generation, the changing status of women and minorities, the urban crises, rising social inequality, the 2008 recession, and globalization. Featuring both historical and current data, this volume clearly shows how demographic change affects the teaching and learning environment, education policy, funding, and school segregation. Overall, it offers insightful analysis that may help shape the future of American education

Cover -- Series page -- National Identity -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- INTRODUCTION: National Identity: Theory and Practice -- PART I: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- CHAPTER 1: Identities in Europe -- CHAPTER 2: The Crisis of Western Democracies and National Identity -- PART II: NATIONAL IDENTITY: CASE STUDIES -- CHAPTER 3: The Idiosyncrasies of Scottish National Identity -- CHAPTER 4: Is a New Definition of Irish Identity Emerging in the Republic of Ireland in the 21st Century? -- CHAPTER 5: Russian National Identity -- CHAPTER 6: The Impossible State

In this article, the author examined the AG by noting that the NAEP reported math scores among 17-year-olds is upwardly biased when compared with the scores of this same cohort 4 years earlier when they were 13 years old. It is upwardly biased because an important event happens over the 4-year period between 8th and 12th grade—a large percentage of students leave school without graduating, and they tend to be the poorest performing students. The analyses indicate that there is indeed a considerable amount of bias in these test scores, for all three ethnic-racial groups and thus for the reported achievement gaps. There are two conclusions to be drawn from the analysis. First, it is inappropriate to compare the eighth-grade scores with those that occur 4 years later when they were 17 year old. Over the 4-year period, the population of high school students has changed as a result of significant events, such as dropout rates. These rates are especially significant among Black and Hispanic students. Second, because of such bias, the achievement gap, as reported, is misleading and adjustments need to be made if we are to get an accurate portrait of student achievement and the achievement gap.

Although school crime and violence have declined during the past 5 years, problems still exist. Consequently, educators have taken many steps toward making schools safer. One such step has been the development and implementation of zero-tolerance policies. Unfortunately, such policies have created more problems thanthey have resolved. Inaddition, these policies raise serious questions about race/ethnicity and social class in American public schools, especially in urban schools where zero-tolerance policy sanctions are more likely to be applied to ethnic/racial minority and poor students. The purpose of this article is to examine the implications zero-tolerance policies have in public schools, especially on race/ethnicity and social class relations. The author concludes with a set of recommendations for developing sound zero-tolerance policies.

Data from the 1973, 1978, 1983, & 1988 March Current Population Surveys are used to examine changes in the economic status of black, Mexican-American, & non-Hispanic white male (M) full-time year-round workers 1972-1987. Results suggest that non-Hispanic white M workers realized greater marginal returns to their human capital than either black or Mexican-American workers in all years considered, & that, though the earnings gap has narrowed, substantial earnings differences persist & do not mirror the narrowing in human capital among the 3 groups. Findings also indicate that the cost of being a black worker is substantially greater than that of being a Mexican-American worker. 3 Tables, 35 References. Adapted from the source document.

Shows the economic position of Blacks to be worse than that of Mexican Americans with similar employment; US.

"The present volume undertakes socio-demographic analyses of four major topics surrounding the Covid-19 pandemic: Data Issues; Statistical Modeling; Analyses; and Policy Concerns. Regarding Data Issues, three chapters cover topics about obtaining reliable information; the production of summary statistics and using the geometric mean; and the importance of using a Demographic framework in better understanding the Covid-19 pandemic. Statistical modeling is a second topic, and is covered by three chapters. To begin with, one approach centers on modeling local areas. A second chapter discusses and provides a simple method for estimating the number of unconfirmed Covid-19 cases in a local area; a third chapter undertakes an examination of early warnings and responses. Analysis is a third topic and is covered by four chapters. The first chapter under this topic covers the effects of race and age on Covid-19. A second chapter examines the effects of Covid-19 on the broadband access and Census 2020 results for the Hopi and Lummi reservations. A third chapter examines the Black Lives Matters activism during the Covid-19 pandemic. A final chapter in this section examines the relative risk of dying from Covid-19 among those infected. A final topic focuses on policy issues. The first chapter under this topic examines partisan politics and Covid-19. A second chapter examines US policy and Covid-19 cases and deaths. A third chapter examines Covid-19 mortality rates and race-ethnic differences. A fourth chapter examines anti-Asian hate during the Covid-19 pandemic. A final chapter looks at America's post-pandemic future."

AbstractObjectivesThe question of a declining non‐Hispanic white (NHW) population has sparked debate in the United States. In examining this question, three bodies of research have emerged. One group reports that the decline is real, a second argues that it is an illusion, and the third provides evidence that the decline is concentrated within socio‐economic segments of the NHW population. We use the third groups' insight as the starting point for our research objective.MethodsIn conjunction with data from Census Bureau sources, we use a series of Regression Models in this inquiry.ResultsOur results show that the decline of the NHW population is real and related to factors embedded in the institutional anomie theory (IAT) framework.ConclusionsWe conclude that the IAT framework is a suitable approach for examining the question of NHW population decline. However, we suggest that future research consider refining our approach by: (1) using sub‐state areas as the units of analyses; (2) examining changes in the NHW population relative to lagged changes in the IAT framework at both the state and sub‐state levels; (3) placing our framework into an "algorithmic modeling approach" that employs machine learning; and (4) developing anomie predictors.