Suchergebnisse

PurposeSurveys in Europe show that immigration is more of a challenge than an opportunity for a significant number of people. However, little attention is given to attitudes toward immigration in the Middle East. This paper examines the effects of personal values and religiosity on the anti-immigration attitudes of citizens in the Middle East and North African countries.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing data from the World Values Survey, we analyze how personal values and religiosity affect anti-immigration attitudes in nine Middle Eastern countries. The data covers individual-level data of 9 MENA countries from the WVS Round 7 (2017–2022). Factor analysis is applied as a data reduction method. Afterward, an OLS regression analysis is conducted on the pooled data.FindingsAnti-immigration attitudes increase with age, education, and religiosity. Personal values such as national pride, support for nationals, and belongingness to one's country significantly affect anti-immigration attitudes. Furthermore, the importance of religion as a measure of religiosity was found to be positively associated with anti-immigration attitudes.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to underexplored literature by investigating how individual-level determinants, such as demographic indicators, personal values, and religious factors, shape anti-immigration attitudes in the MENA context, distinct from European dynamics.

Even though there is an agreement on the relationship between institutional quality and economic growth, the re-designing of institutions due to balance of payments and debt crises in some countries in the last 30 years has brought about a discussion of effects of crises on economic growth through changes in institutional quality. This study investigates whether economic crises have an effect on economic growth through changes in institutional quality by employing the Mankiw, Romer and Weil model. Employing panel data methodologies for Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, South Korea and Turkey, this study finds that changes due to economic crisis in bureaucratic quality, socioeconomic conditions, investment profile, religious tensions and democratic accountability amount to significant variables and, except for religious tensions, they have positive effects on economic growth. Thus, economic crises do change the level of institutional quality and this change, in turn, positively affects economic growth. ; Kurumsal kalite ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi konusunda uzlaşma olmasına rağmen, son 30 yılda meydana gelen ekonomik krizler, ülkelerin kurumlarının yeniden dizaynı ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada krizlerin, kurumsal kalite aracılığıyla ülkelerin iktisadi büyümeleri üzerinde etkili olup olmadığı Mankiw, Romer ve Weil (MRW) büyüme modeli ile incelenmiştir. Panel veri tahmin yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılan çalışm, Arjantin, Meksika ve Brezilya, Tayland, Malezya, Filipinler, Endonezya, Güney Kore ve Türkiye'nin hukuk ve düzen, dinsel çatışmalar, politikada askeri müdahale düzeyi, demokratik katılım düzeyi, içsel ve dışsal çatışmalar değişkenlerinin iktisadi büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkileyen önemli kurumsal değişkenler olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca kurumsal kalite göstergeleri krizin etkisi ile birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; iktisadi büyüme düzeyini pozitif yönde etkileyen kurumsal değişkenlerin; bürokratik kalite, sosyoekonomik koşullar, yatırım profili ve demokratik katılım olduğu tahmin edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; krizler, kurumsal kalite düzeyini değiştirmektedir ve bu değişim iktisadi büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilemektedir.

Four years after the French Revolution, in 1793 a series of wars among France
and other major powers of Europe began and they lasted until 1815. There is
disagreement among economic historians about the effects of these wars on the
trend of US economic growth. This paper aims to answer the following
question. Did America as a neutral nation take advantage of economic
possibilities caused by Europe at war through trade? To put it differently,
this paper questions whether there was an export-led growth due to the war.
To answer this question, we re-examined the export-led growth hypothesis for
the period 1790-1860 using the ARDL methodology. Based on this methodology, a
cointegrated relationship is found among the variables of real GDP, labor,
exports and exchange rates. The results suggest that the economic growth of
the US was not export-driven. In addition, parallel to the results of unit
root tests with structural breaks, the coefficient of the dummy variable was
statistically significant in the long run, implying that the war did have a
significant effect on the economic growth trend of the US.