The impact of nevirapine‐ versus protease inhibitor‐based regimens on virological markers of HIV‐1 persistence during seemingly suppressive ART
In: Journal of the International AIDS Society, Band 17, Heft 4S3
ISSN: 1758-2652
IntroductionThe source and significance of residual plasma HIV‐1 RNA detection during suppressive ART remain controversial. It has been proposed that nevirapine (NVP)‐based regimens achieve a greater HIV‐1 RNA suppression than regimens containing a protease inhibitor (PI). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of receiving NVP‐ vs PI‐based ART on the virological markers of HIV persistence in peripheral blood.Material and MethodsThe study population comprised 161 HIV‐1 infected patients receiving either NVP‐based (n=81) or PI‐based (n=80) ART and showing a HIV‐1 RNA load stably suppressed <40 copies/mL for median of 5.2 years (IQR 2.2–8.0). Residual viraemia was detected by real‐time PCR with 50% and 95% detection thresholds of 1 and 3 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL, respectively. Cell‐associated (CA) unspliced HIV‐1 RNA, total HIV‐1 DNA and 2 LTR circles were quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using droplet digital PCR. Groups were compared by standard non‐parametric tests; factors associated with HIV‐1 detection were analyzed by univariate regression analysis and generalized linear models (SPSS® V22 and Rstudio).ResultsPlasma HIV‐1 RNA was detected in 37/81 (45.7%) and 47/80 (58.8%) subjects on NVP‐ and PI‐based ART, with median (IQR) levels of 5 (3–6) and 5 (3–8) copies/mL, respectively. HIV‐1 RNA detection was associated with shorter duration of suppressive ART regardless of treatment arm (p=0.007), and lower CD4 nadir (p=0.015). HIV‐1 DNA levels were median 282 (120–484) and 213 (87–494) copies/106 PBMCs in the two groups respectively, and were lowest (<100 copies/106 PBMCs) in subjects with lower plasma HIV‐1 RNA (p=0.049), CA unspliced HIV‐1 RNA (p=0.0001), 2 LTR circles (p=0.005) and pre‐ART HIV‐1 RNA load (p=0.0001).ConclusionsIn this comprehensive characterization of patients on long‐term suppressive ART, we did not observe evidence for a greater suppressive activity of NVP‐based over PI‐based therapy on plasma and intracellular markers of virus persistence. Overall excellent correlation was observed between the markers, allowing the identification of a subset of treated patients with low HIV‐1 expression as an important cohort for future HIV cure studies.