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An introductory chapter discusses the nature of comparative research on racism, noting that it includes systematic analyses of ethnic prejudice in crossnational settings; policy-oriented studies that map out institutional discrimination or evaluate antidiscrimination measures; & theoretical assessments of the portrayal/treatment of racial or ethnic outgroups in different societies. The aim of most of these studies is to identify & explain significant similarities or differences. Research focused on similarities employs strategies based on the underlying assumption of "brothers under the same skin," while work stressing differences is rooted in a "birds of a different feather" mindset. It is suggested that the different approaches are also associated with different disciplinary areas, ideological positions, & conceptualizations of racism. Other issues discussed include how to compare groups, cultures, or nations; the moral responsibility of researchers; relative costs/benefits of comparative research; effects of cultural bias in research; & links between academic research & policy making. The themes covered by the contributors are outlined, along with questions considered vital for conducting or assessing comparative research. 51 References. J. Lindroth