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AbstractThis article assesses the wide range of experiences of illegitimacy in eighteenth-century Antwerp. It exposes many instances of pauper agency, yet also cautions against simply assuming that all single mothers were similarly forceful in their dealings with illegitimacy. Four key factors affected the options a single mother had at her disposal in dealing with illegitimate pregnancy: the way poor relief was organised, the relative accessibility of judicial processes, the administrative settings, and the prevailing ideas about illegitimacy and morality among the general community. The article shows how these factors changed in the final quarter of the eighteenth century, impacting on the strategies that single mothers could adopt.

ABSTRACTThis article examines three important aspects of how the Dutch Republic organized warfare during the Dutch Revolt. The regulations for the billeting of soldiers, the building of fortifications and the collection of direct taxes are analysed in two garrison towns, namely, Gorinchem and Doesburg. The billeting of soldiers and the collection of taxes usually caused troubles in neighbouring countries. In comparison to more centralized neighbouring countries, the Dutch polity's decentralized nature, in which cities held positions of strong power, entailed better arrangements for billeting and higher tax compliance. Yet this decentralized nature did not hamper the emergence of central administrative bodies for co-ordinating and organizing the building of fortifications. The Dutch account of organizing warfare challenges existing views about the role of cities in state building within a context of protracted warfare.

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