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"Smart city" is a concept that has been the subject of increasing attention in urban planning and governance during recent years. The first step to create Smart Cities is to understand its concept. However, a brief review of literature shows that the concept of Smart City is the subject of controversy. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to define Smart City. To this aim, an extensive literature review was done. Then, a keyword analysis on literature was held against main research questions (why, what, who, when, where, how) and based on three main domains involved in the policy decision making process and Smart City plan development: Academic, Industrial and Governmental. This resulted in a conceptual framework for Smart City. The result clarifies the definition of Smart City, while providing a framework to define Smart City's each sub-system. Moreover, urban authorities can apply this framework in Smart City initiatives in order to recognize their main goals, main components, and key stakeholders.

"Smart city" is a concept that has been the subject of increasing attention in urban planning and governance during recent years. The first step to create Smart Cities is to understand its concept. However, a brief review of literature shows that the concept of Smart City is the subject of controversy. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework to define Smart City. To this aim, an extensive literature review was done. Then, a keyword analysis on literature was held against main research questions (why, what, who, when, where, how) and based on three main domains involved in the policy decision making process and Smart City plan development: Academic, Industrial and Governmental. This resulted in a conceptual framework for Smart City. The result clarifies the definition of Smart City, while providing a framework to define Smart City's each sub-system. Moreover, urban authorities can apply this framework in Smart City initiatives in order to recognize their main goals, main components, and key stakeholders.

This open access book includes a selection of innovative contributions presented at the 4th international conference "Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2022", held in Bolzano, Italy in July 2022. Featuring 10 papers by academics and consultants, strongly rooted in practical experiences and international projects, it discusses current ground-breaking research in innovative and sustainable planning for cities, with a focus on the environmental, economic, and social challenges associated with the global sustainability transition and energy systems integration. The contributions are illustrative of the richness of the issues discussed and the breadth of the emerging themes, including innovative business models for building and infrastructure at district level, integrated sustainability assessment schemes for Positive Energy Districts, a material flow accounting model for regional metabolism, energy communities as a lever to promote historical and landscape values, optimized and electrified last-mile logistics, multi-criteria decision analysis tools to redefine center/periphery relationships, a framework for socio-spatial analysis related to social practices, design principles and communication technologies improving both indoor and outdoor public spaces, augmented nature-based solution coupling the green elements with the latest technologies to deliver healthier and more appealing cities.

This open access book includes a selection of innovative contributions presented at the 4th international conference "Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2022", held in Bolzano, Italy in July 2022. Featuring 10 papers by academics and consultants, strongly rooted in practical experiences and international projects, it discusses current ground-breaking research in innovative and sustainable planning for cities, with a focus on the environmental, economic, and social challenges associated with the global sustainability transition and energy systems integration. The contributions are illustrative of the richness of the issues discussed and the breadth of the emerging themes, including innovative business models for building and infrastructure at district level, integrated sustainability assessment schemes for Positive Energy Districts, a material flow accounting model for regional metabolism, energy communities as a lever to promote historical and landscape values, optimized and electrified last-mile logistics, multi-criteria decision analysis tools to redefine center/periphery relationships, a framework for socio-spatial analysis related to social practices, design principles and communication technologies improving both indoor and outdoor public spaces, augmented nature-based solution coupling the green elements with the latest technologies to deliver healthier and more appealing cities.

This open access book offers a selection of research papers and case studies presented at the 3rd international conference "Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions", held in December 2019 in Bolzano, Italy, and explores the concept of smart and sustainable planning, including top contributions from academics, policy makers, consultants and other professionals. Innovation processes such as co-design and co-creation help establish collaborations that engage with stakeholders in a trustworthy and transparent environment while answering the need for new value propositions. The importance of an integrated, holistic approach is widely recognized to break down silos in local government, in particular, when aimed at achieving a better integration of climate-energy planning. Despite the ongoing urbanization and polarization processes, new synergies between urban and rural areas emerge, linking development opportunities to intrinsic cultural, natural and man-made landscape values. The increasing availability of big, real-time urban data and advanced ICT facilitates frequent assessment and continuous monitoring of performances, while allowing fine-tuning as needed. This is valid not only for individual projects but also on a wider scale. In addition, and circling back to the first point, (big) urban data and ICT can be of enormous help in facilitating engagement and co-creation by raising awareness and by providing insight into the local consequences of specific plans. However, this potential is not yet fully exploited in standard processes and procedures, which can therefore lack the agility and flexibility to keep up with the pulse of the city and dynamics of society. The book provides a multi-disciplinary outlook based on experience to orient the reader in the giant galaxy of smart and sustainable planning, support the transposition of research into practice, scale up visionary approaches and design groundbreaking planning policies and tools.

"This book presents cutting-edge work on innovative planning methodologies, tools and experiences aimed at supporting the transition of our cities and regions towards a more smart and sustainable dimension. This book comprises a selection of the best papers from the international conference 'Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2015', held in November 2015 in Bolzano, Italy. Contributions from different research fields within urban and regional planning from the scientific as well as the professional community are presented: energy planning for cities and regions, how to couple the energy-climate goals with the development or renovation of the built environment and how to tackle the vulnerability to climate change; smart and sustainable technologies, big data, integrated infrastructures and mobility management, from holistic geospatial tools to innovative apps and Internet of Things; benefits, costs and opportunities of urban transition toward a more smart and sustainable dimension, accounting and assessment of values and trade-offs within the decision making processes; governance for smart and sustainable growth, fostering place-based policy-making, active and effective stakeholders' participation, co-production and public-private partnerships; cooperation and demonstration projects: their role in fostering the adoption of new approaches and technologies, towards the development of win-win solutions."--Provided by publisher.

L'obiettivo dell'azione B.1 del progetto Strategia per l'Economia Circolare nella Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (SEC) è la creazione di un framework analitico e progettuale, volto a supportare: l'attività della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (PAB) nella definizione di strategie e politiche pubbliche; e l'attività delle imprese private altoatesine nell'adozione di soluzioni e-business model innovativi, per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare (EC). La finalità di questo report è di chiarire la definizione di target da raggiungere nella PAB nella transizione verso un'EC. Per definire e raggiungere dei target, il primo passo è la selezione degli indicatori rilevanti e la loro applicazione nel monitoraggio del progresso verso l'EC. ; Azione B.1 del Progetto - Creazione di un framework analitico e progettuale per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare Report P.B.1 - Report sui target da raggiungere Funding: Ministero della Transizione Ecologica – Progetti di ricerca a supporto dei processi di elaborazione e attuazione delle strategie regionali e provinciali per lo sviluppo sostenibile

L' obiettivo dell'azione B.1 del progetto Strategia per l'Economia Circolare nella Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (SEC) è la creazione di un framework analitico e progettuale, volto a supportare: l'attività della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (PAB) nella definizione di strategie e politiche pubbliche; e l'attività delle imprese private altoatesine nell'adozione di soluzioni e di modelli di business innovativi, per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare (EC). Questo report P.B.2 descrive le metodologie, le misure e i dati di input che vengono utilizzati nell'ambito del progetto SEC, per illustrare la potenziale applicazione di strumenti di valutazione e analisi nel supporto alla definizione ed implementazione di strategie e misure per l'EC nella PAB. Gli strumenti e le analisi semi-quantitative che vengono sviluppate mirano alla valutazione del potenziale delle strategie di EC applicate ai principali settori e processi di riferimento, identificati nell'azione A.1 del progetto, in particolare: agricoltura, silvicoltura ed edilizia. ; Azione B.1 del Progetto - Creazione di un framework analitico e progettuale per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare Report P.B.2 - Report sulle misure e i dati di input Funding: Ministero della Transizione Ecologica – Progetti di ricerca a supporto dei processi di elaborazione e attuazione delle strategie regionali e provinciali per lo sviluppo sostenibile

L'obiettivo dell'azione B.1 del progetto Strategia per l'Economia Circolare nella Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (SEC) è la creazione di un framework analitico e progettuale volto a supportare: l'attività della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano (PAB) nella definizione di strategie e politiche pubbliche; e l'attività delle imprese private altoatesine nell'adozione di soluzioni e di modelli di business innovativi, per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare (EC). Il report P.B.3 illustra i risultati ottenuti dalle analisi del potenziale delle strategie di EC nei settori di riferimento identificati nell'azione A.1 del progetto (sui livelli macro e meso) – cioè agricoltura, silvicoltura ed edilizia. Le analisi mirano soprattutto a illustrare le applicazioni di metodologie e strumenti di riferimento, come ad esempio i sistemi di informazioni territoriali e l'analisi di flusso dei materiali. ; Azione B.1 del Progetto - Creazione di un framework analitico e progettuale per la transizione verso l'Economia Circolare Report P.B.3 - Report sul potenziale e gli impatti dell'economia circolare applicata ai settori di riferimento Funding: Ministero della Transizione Ecologica – Progetti di ricerca a supporto dei processi di elaborazione e attuazione delle strategie regionali e provinciali per lo sviluppo sostenibile

Nowadays energy transition is a recurring topic, which describes the process of an energy system moving from fossil-based sources towards renewables. The transition can unfold at different levels, from the single initiative of a local com-munity to a complex cross-border agreement. The latter type is well represented by EUSALP, the European macro-regional strategy for the Alpine region. One of its aims is to transform its territory into a model region for energy efficiency and renewable energy. To support a well-informed decision making process, this study provides the first insight about the status quo of energy balances in EUSALP, at local as well as aggregated level. Moreover, it offers an overview on the various energy targets defined by the territorial units that constitute the EUSALP region. Data has been retrieved via a bottom-up quality-oriented process consisting of (i) a survey targeted at responsible person in local energy departments; and (ii) data control and harmonization. We found that the EUSALP region is actually a model region only in clean power production, whereas starting point as well as energy targets of territories are highly heterogeneous. We al-so identified the need of more harmonized data collection methodologies. We conclude that this bottom-up process can support and legitimate policy makers in cross-border cooperation activities under a smart macro-regional energy strategy, which pursues an increment in energy savings, renewable energy production and a broad engagement of relevant stakeholders. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.16.13

Background and Purpose: In the EU political agenda, the use of forest biomass for energy has grown rapidly and significantly, in order to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions and reduce the energy dependence on fossil fuels of European member countries. The target of the EU climate and energy package is to raise the share of renewable energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20% in 2020 (Directive 2009/28/EC). With regards to biomass energy, the supply of forest wood biomass is expected to rise by 45% (reference period: 2006-2020), in response to increasing demand for renewable sources. The increase of forest biomass supply could have both positive and negative effects on several forest ecosystem services (ESs) and local development. These effects should be assessed in a proper manner and taken into account when formulating management strategies. The aim of the paper is to assess the environmental, economic and social sustainability of forest biomass harvesting for energy, using the Figure of Merit (FoM) approach. Materials and Methods: Sustainability was assessed through a set of four indicators: two focused on experts' opinions regarding the effects of forest biomass harvesting and the other two focused on the cost-benefit analysis (potential energy obtained and costs for wood chips). The research was developed through four case studies located in the Alpine Region. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered face-to-face to 32 selected experts. The perceived effects of forest biomass harvesting for energy on ESs and local development were evaluated by experts using a 5-point Likert scale (from "quite negative effect" to "quite positive effect"). Results: All experts agree that forest biomass harvesting has a positive effect on forest products provision and local economic development (employment of local workforce, local entrepreneurship and market diversification), while the effects on other ESs are controversial (e.g. carbon sequestration, habitat quality, natural hazards protection and recreational values). Conclusions: Therefore, it can be asserted that the effects of forest biomass harvesting on sustainability vary according to the local context. The results of FoM can support decision makers in order to analyze the environmental, social and economic sustainability of forest biomass harvesting for energy.