Suchergebnisse

Francesco Algarotti's Newtonianismo per le dame (1737) played a significant role in the popularization of Newton(ianism) on the Continent and in Britain in the 18th century. Compiled as a seduction manual for ladies after the fashion of contemporary poems and novels, it targeted the largest possible lay audience in order to gain potential advocates for the new experimental science and to covertly denounce Italy's stagnant political, social, and cultural condition. This study discusses some of the most recent scholarly interpretations the text and its four English issues (1739, 1742, 1765, and 1772) have so far received, explaining how it was transmitted differently in Italy and in Britain. It then examines the linguistic popularizing strategies, focusing especially upon the terminology employed by Algarotti to address a lay audience and its English-language rendering in Elizabeth Carter's first English translation (1739). Results show that diverse popularizing techniques were employed, which were mainly translated into English literally by Carter, although some important instances of adaptation and reformulation emerge revealing precise strategies not only to further simplify the text but also to accommodate it to a different readership and separate aims. The investigation combines methods derived from (Critical) discourse analysis (Fairclough 2013; Gee 2014) and historical pragmatics (Culpeper and Kÿto 2010). Studies of popularization strategies (Garzone 2006), English for scientific purposes (Gotti 1992, 2011, 2013), English historical linguistics (Bergs and Brinton 2012), and models of translation analysis (Vinay and Darbelnet 1958; Reiss 1976; Newmark 1988; Baker and Saldanha 2011) are also referred to.

AbstractThe purpose of the article is try to assess whether inclusive procedures of selection are more likely to appoint a candidate who can be competitive in the general elections compared with less inclusive ones. Accordingly, I took into account nomination processes (NPs) to select/appoint the prime ministerial/presidential candidate for general elections held in four Western European countries (France, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom) over approximately the last two decades. Using an original data source and innovative indicators, I assessed the inclusiveness of each NP and the party/candidate's performance in the following general election in order to look for a possible relation. The outcome shows a very weak negative correlation between the two variables. Thus, while it does not appear that inclusive systems of selection have a clear positive impact at the electoral level, it is likewise hard to maintain that systems such as primary elections cause electoral failure.

This study examines the Stamina case, one of the most controversial mediatic incidents of the last years in Italy, from an applied linguistic perspective. Through the analysis of a small corpus of texts published on the online version of Nature (Nature.com) between 2013 and 2014, it investigates how scientists, political and health institutions, the media, the patients and the public interact when faced with (pseudo)scientific news that may be relevant from a public health perspective. Based on selected sociological models of science communication (Bucchi 1998; Bucchi and Neresini 2008; Trench 2008; Hetland 2014; Metcalfe 2014; Neresini 2015), combined with methodological tools from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1995, 2003; Eisenhart and Johnstone 2008; Wodak 2013), argumentation theory (van Eemeren et al. 2004), and making reference to science popularisation studies (Calsamiglia 2003; Garzone 2006), the qualitative analysis shows how the communication pattern of scientific news with public health relevance is changing. Power relations are on the move and so are the aims, the communicative strategies and the genres employed. These are in fact influenced by a growing interaction between bottom-up pressures (patients, families, the public, the media) and a topdown diffusion of information (scientists, political and healthcare institutions, the media) with the latter prevailing over the former. From the data collected, it seems crucial that the dissemination and popularisation of scientific issues should be further spread. Scientists must counter propaganda and hysteria on (social) media, as well as engage more directly with people (Hunter 2016) in order to oppose pseudoscience.

This study examines the Stamina case, one of the most controversial mediatic incidents of the last years in Italy, from an applied linguistic perspective. Through the analysis of a small corpus of texts published on the online version of Nature (Nature.com) between 2013 and 2014, it investigates how scientists, political and health institutions, the media, the patients and the public interact when faced with (pseudo)scientific news that may be relevant from a public health perspective. Based on selected sociological models of science communication (Bucchi 1998; Bucchi and Neresini 2008; Trench 2008; Hetland 2014; Metcalfe 2014; Neresini 2015), combined with methodological tools from critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1995, 2003; Eisenhart and Johnstone 2008; Wodak 2013), argumentation theory (van Eemeren et al. 2004), and making reference to science popularisation studies (Calsamiglia 2003; Garzone 2006), the qualitative analysis shows how the communication pattern of scientific news with public health relevance is changing. Power relations are on the move and so are the aims, the communicative strategies and the genres employed. These are in fact influenced by a growing interaction between bottom-up pressures (patients, families, the public, the media) and a topdown diffusion of information (scientists, political and healthcare institutions, the media) with the latter prevailing over the former. From the data collected, it seems crucial that the dissemination and popularisation of scientific issues should be further spread. Scientists must counter propaganda and hysteria on (social) media, as well as engage more directly with people (Hunter 2016) in order to oppose pseudoscience.

The preliminary aim of the article is illustrating the procedures of leadership selection in Italy and Spain, which have faced quite different paths of evolution from this point of view. The main object is nonetheless trying to assess whether open primary elections are more likely to give rise to divisive leadership races compared to less inclusive procedures of selection such as closed primaries or party Congresses. To this end I compare six races to select the party chairman and/or the chief executive candidate promoted by the Italian Democratic Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party during the last years. The empirical analysis does not provide evidences of a positive relationship between inclusiveness and divisiveness, since the candidates who run in open primaries generally maintain moderate attitudes during the campaign, while the front-runner supported by the elite is able to succeed with a significant advantage over the other contenders. Adapted from the source document.

Se realizó una investigación de carácter cualitativo para demostrar que existe necesidad en este nuevo siglo de construir un nuevo pensamiento racional a través de la práctica de la complementariedad si queremos disminuir los niveles de violencia en el planeta. Hasta ahora hemos aceptado un mundo basado en polaridades y opuestos hemos hecho la guerra porque no podemos aceptar las diferencias entre las personas. Hemos aceptado vivir en un mundo dividido donde la separación es vista como algo normal, como e resultado de la práctica de las viejas formas de pensamiento; esta situación es una de las causas principales de la violencia hoy día, estamos tan distantes unos de otros que no podemos construir espacios comunes donde encontrarnos y estar juntos. El objetivo principal del estudio fue proponer la necesidad de la complementariedad a través de la construcción de puentes entre los seres humanos, entre hombres y mujeres, entre grupos en conflicto dentro de una nación y entre naciones. Nosotros, como seres humanos, necesitamos participar en la construcción de nuevas realidades, necesitamos desarrollar el poder de imaginar y sonar nuevas formas de existencia en el planeta tierra. De Beauport es una experta educativa emergente que propone un modelo de inteligencias múltiples como camino de prevención de la violencia; ella plantea que hay 3 obstáculos principales a la paz: la creencia de que para resolver los conflictos debemos utilizar la fuerza, sea mental o física; el manejo inadecuado del miedo y las frustraciones y la práctica de un dualismo que ocasiona que la gente se vea como opuestos y en permanente confrontación. Estos tres factores forman la plataforma del presente estudio, realizado en el contexto de una sociedad muy polarizada en el aspecto político, en el cual la violencia se está convirtiendo en una situación crítica: la sociedad venezolana. El objetivo principal del estudio fue experimentar estrategias para la prevención de la violencia basadas en la propuesta de De Beauport y los tres sistemas cerebrales: neocortical, límbico y básico. Se diseñó un programa educativo para adultos y se realizaron 4 talleres con 30 participantes cada uno, en los cuales el 40% de los participantes apoyaban al gobierno y el 60% apoyaban a la oposición. El programa abrió horizontes de comprensión entre los participantes. Todos los participantes llegaron a los talleres exhibiendo altos niveles de frustración y rabia, incluyendo agresividad verbal. La práctica de las estrategias de prevención de violencia mostraron que los participantes fueron capaces de encontrar acciones complementarias para construir espacios comunes, a pesar de identificarse políticamente con dos tendencias distintas a favor del bienestar del país y lograr acuerdos para desarrollar acciones a favor de una mejor comprensión y tolerancia de las diferencias, lo cual es la base de la democracia. ABSTRACT A qualitative study was carried out in order to show that we need to build a new rational thought through the practice of complementañty in the XXIst century ifwe want to diminish the levéis ofviolence in the planet. Up to now we have accepted a world based on polarities and opposites and made war hecause we cannot accept differences among people. We have accepted to Uve in a divided world where separation is seen as normal, as the result ofthe practice of oíd ways ofthinking; this situation is one ofthe main causes ofviolence today, we are so distant from each other that we can not build common grounds where to meet and be together. The main parpóse ofthis study was to propose the need for complementarity through building bridges between human beings, between men and women, between groups in conflict within a nation and between nations. We, as humans, need to particípate in the construction of new realities, we need to develop the power to imagine and dream new forms ofexistence in planet earth. De Beauport is an emergent educational specialist that proposes a model of múltiple intelligences as a path to violence prevention; she states that there are 3 main obstacles to peace: the beliefthat to solve conflicts we must use forcé, be it mental or physical; the inadequate management offear and frustrations and the practice of dualism which causes people to see each other as opposed in permanent confrontation. This three factors form the platform ofthe present study, carried out in a very polarized society in the political arena in which violence is becoming critical: the venezuelian society. The main goal ofthe study was to «experiment violence prevention strategies» based on De Beauport's proposal of 3 brain systems: Neocortical, Limbic and Basic. An adult educational program was design and carried out in the form of 4 workshops of 30 participants each, in which 40% were supporters ofthe govemment and 60% were supporters ofthe opposition. The program opened horizons of understanding among participants. All participants arrived showing high levéis of frustration and anger, including verbal aggressiveness. The practice of strategies showed that participants were able to find actions that were complementary, that they found common grounds where to meet -the welfare of the country- and develop actions in favor of a better understanding and tolerance of the differences, which is the basis of democracy.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Monográfico titulado: educación para la paz ; Se expone una investigación de carácter cualitativo para demostrar que existe necesidad de construir un nuevo pensamiento racional a través de la práctica de la complementariedad si se quiere disminuir los niveles de violencia. Se experimenta estrategias para la prevención de la violencia basadas en la propuesta de De Beauport y los tres sistemas cerebrales: neocortical, límbico y básico. El programa abrió horizontes de comprensión entre los participantes. Todos los participantes llegaron a los talleres exhibiendo altos niveles de frustración y rabia, incluyendo agresividad verbal. La práctica de las estrategias de prevención de violencia mostraron que los participantes fueran capaces de encontrar acciones complementarias para construir espacios comunes, a pesar de identificarse políticamente con dos tendencias distintas a favor del bienestar del país y lograr acuerdos para desarrollar acciones a favor de una mejor comprensión y tolerancia de las diferencias, lo cual es la base de la democracia. ; Madrid ; Universidad de León. Biblioteca General San Isidoro. Hemeroteca; Campus de Vegazana, s.n.; 24071 León; +34987291685; buupph@unileon.es; buupph1@unileon.es ; ESP