Suchergebnisse

This article analyzes the processes of social and political reconversion of the Chilean Left during the Post-Dictatorship period from a biographical perspective. By tracking professional and labor trajectories as well as emotional and family stories of thirty former militants of the parties that formed the Movimiento Democrático Popular (MDP 1983-1987), from 1990 until today, this study discusses the main changes in the forms of political participation in the last 30 years. Drawing on contributions from sociology of the individual as well as sociology of emotions, this paper interprets the dilemma of recomposing lives after anti dictatorship struggle: the exposure of contradictions in labor and economic reconversions, alongside the emotional costs of political participation. This findings allows to affirm that militants live painful processes and conflicting identity transformations which are not explained entirely by the end of political participation or the crisis of leftist parties during the nineties. This paper claims that these are highly complex processes of identity reconfiguration that arise from the way in which the interviewees elaborate the emotions associated with political commitment and reinterpret the political and collective meanings of their fighting experiences. ; Este artículo aborda los procesos de reconversión social y política de la izquierda chilena en la post dictadura desde una perspectiva biográfica. A través del seguimiento de los procesos de profesionalización, las trayectorias laborales y de las historias familiares y emocionales de 30 militantes y ex militantes de los partidos que formaron el Movimiento Democrático Popular (MDP 1983-1987)1, desde 1990 hasta la actualidad, el estudio discute los principales cambios de las formas de participación política en los últimos 30 años. En base a los aportes de la sociología del individuo y la sociología de las emociones, el trabajo interpreta los dilemas de la recomposición de las vidas después de la lucha anti dictadura: la exposición de ...

This paper presents some results collected in an ongoing research about left-wing militancy transformation in post-dictatorship in Chile. Through a qualitative research based in biographical interviews (26 cases), the article explores a generational interpretation about militant experiences. From a critical review of their political participation in the anti- dictatorship struggle, the interviewees approach: 1) the reasons of the demobilization during 90´s decade; 2) the pending issues of democracy and; 2) current challenges of Chilean left. The discussion of research results claims that the militants and former militants talks about themselves as a generation of supporting actors of the political transition and the further discussion of the new Chilean left. This generational narrative is explained by the absence of social and political recognition of the collective experiences of struggle. ; Este artí­culo presenta parte de los resultados de una investigación en curso que indaga las transformaciones identitarias de los militantes de izquierda en la postdictadura chilena (1990-2019). Mediante el análisis de entrevistas biográficas (26 casos), el trabajo explora una interpretación generacional de la experiencia militante. A partir de una revisión crí­tica de su participación en la lucha antidictadura, los entrevistados abordan las razones de la desmovilización de la década de los 90, los temas pendientes de la democracia y los desafí­os actuales de la izquierda chilena. La discusión de resultados afirma que los militantes y exmilitantes se definen como actores secundarios de la transición y de los debates actuales de la nueva izquierda chilena. Esta narrativa generacional es explicada por la falta de reconocimiento social y polí­tico de las experiencias colectivas de lucha.

Este artículo aborda algunos de los problemas epistemológicos que enfrentamos al plantear un estudio sobre un período histórico reciente. Las preguntas de investigación que surgen a propósito del proceso de democratización chileno (1983-1990) se hacen a partir de la tensión entre teoría e historia. Pero esta es solo una tensión aparente, si pensamos el análisis de este proceso político particular como un intento de interpretación de la historia. Esta tarea, no solo exige retomar el debate teórico acerca de quiénes y bajo qué circunstancias fueron los actores políticos centrales en el fi n de la dictadura. También, invita a discutir la pertinencia de la tradición hermenéutica para exponer diversas maneras de narrar la historia y, en este sentido, para concebir la democratización de Chile como un problema que puede ser abordado desde la reconstrucción de diversos relatos del cambio político. ; This article approaches the epistemological issues that are confronted at the moment to raise a study of recent historical period. The questions that emerge within the research of democratic process in Chile (1983-1990) are made from the tension between theory and history. It is proposed that this tension is just apparent, whether the analysis of this particular political process is considered as an attempt of historical interpretation. Th is task demands to retake the theoretical debate about those who were the main political actors and the circumstances in which they acted during the dictatorship, as well as it invites to discuss about the relevance of hermeneutical tradition to approach the diff erent manners to narrate history and, by the same way, to conceive the democratization in Chile as an issue that also can be studied throughout the reconstruction of stories about political change.

Esta investigación sobre las militancias y los sentidos de la participación política en las luchas antidictatoriales de Chile y Argentina, surge de un interés particular por la historia política reciente de Chile. Sin embargo, tanto la llegada al tema que dio vida a este proyecto, como la planificación del diseño comparativo de investigación, fue un proceso largo de descubrimiento y maduración que duró cuatro años. Si bien el tema surgió de la reflexión de los cursos del Programa de Doctorado en Estudios Americanos, durante los años 2008 y 2009, tendría importantes trasformaciones debido a las particularidades del trabajo de campo, realizado durante los años 2010 y 2011, tanto en Chile como en Argentina. Respecto a la influencia de los seminarios doctorales, tres cursos se transformaron en instancias de intercambio decisivas para la definición del tema de investigación y para la selección del país de contraste : 1) El Seminario de Especialidad, realizado en el primer semestre de 2008 y conducido por el Dr. Vicente Espinoza en el Instituto de Estudios Avanzados; 2) El seminario Internacional, titulado Dictaduras Militares en Abordaje Comparativo: Los casos de Brasil y Argentina, dictado por el Dr. Rodrigo Patto Sa Motta en el Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, en el primer semestre de 2009 y; 3) el curso de Memoria y Ciencias Sociales, objetos, abordajes y perspectivas, conducido por la Doctora Claudia Feld, en la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad de Chile, también en el primer semestre de 2009. La idea original con que la investigadora ingresó al Programa de Doctorado en Estudios Americanos, era hacer un estudio generacional sobre el concepto de democracia. No obstante, durante el desarrollo del primer Seminario de Especialidad en el 2008, las lecturas y el intercambio académico, abrieron una línea muy diferente de investigación. Esta nueva línea era, en realidad, un regreso a las inquietudes originarias con que la investigadora había iniciado su formación de pregrado en el Departamento de Sociología de la Universidad de Concepción: la pregunta por el impacto de la dictadura en Chile y por la forma en que habían terminado las masivas movilizaciones de la década del 80, eran dos asuntos que resonaban en todas las lecturas que describían la realidad política actual del país.

El objetivo principal está relacionado a la conexión entre los procesos prácticos de gestión con los trámites documentales que se realizan en las universidades públicas de nuestro país. Es evidente que los procesos de gestión son parte esencial de las instituciones públicas, tal como lo establece la Ley para la Modernización del Estado, que son herramientas de gestión que utiliza el Sistema Administrativo para la Actualización de datos e información que permiten planificar, coordinar y gestionar las actividades laborales de una entidad pública. Se empleó una metodología de tipo básica, con perspectiva cualitativa con nivel descriptivo-interpretativo y con planteamiento de la teoría fundamentada. El procedimiento utilizado fue la revisión y recopilación de los antecedentes, que han sido analizados de diferentes documentos científicos. La conclusión relevante en el presente trabajo de revisión sobre los procesos constituye un método de programación estructural de las actividades laborales en las diversas unidades organizativas de las entidades públicas para cumplir con los objetivos institucionales, así como con las necesidades y expectativas del público. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos numerosos avances tecnológicos, las universidades públicas no han logrado crear un hilo conductor integral que permita hacer frente a su débil capacidad de gestión.

En el presente estudio, se busca explorar la utilidad práctica de la tele medicina, sobre todo en aquellas situaciones donde muchas personas no pueden acceder a un establecimiento de servicio sanitario físico, así como indagar la utilidad de la telemedicina en el Perú, y cómo se ha desarrollado en estos últimos años, a tal punto que ha sido necesario emitir el D.S. Nº 005-2021-SA, que aprueba la Ley 30421 de Telesalud, sumado al D.L. 1490, siendo el objetivo lograr el uso masivo de la atención medica con apoyo de le Tecnología, reduciendo automáticamente el tiempo y costos en beneficio de los usuarios y de la propia institución de salud. La metodología utilizada es de enfoque cualitativo descriptivo, de tipo básico, se ha utilizado técnicas e instrumentos y métodos para analizar cómo se viene desarrollando la tele consulta y la tele monitoreo en la atención de distintas enfermedades. Siendo las conclusiones más resaltantes que la telemedicina reduce tiempos y costos, con apoyo de los avances tecnológicos, permitiendo diseñar nuevos modelos de gestión para la atención de pacientes en forma masiva en beneficio de una sociedad con salud.

A breast-risk score, published in 2016, was developed in white-American women using 92 genetic variants (GRS92), modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. With the aim of validating the score in the Spanish population, 1,732 breast cancer cases and 1,910 controls were studied. The GRS92, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor scores were estimated via logistic regression. SNPs without available genotyping were simulated as in the aforementioned 2016 study. The full model score was obtained by combining GRS92, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor scores. Score performances were tested via the area under the ROC curve (AUROC), net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Compared with non-modifiable and modifiable factor scores, GRS92 had higher discrimination power (AUROC: 0.6195, 0.5885 and 0.5214, respectively). Adding the non-modifiable factor score to GRS92 improved patient classification by 23.6% (NRI?=?0.236), while the modifiable factor score only improved it by 7.2%. The full model AUROC reached 0.6244. A simulation study showed the ability of the full model for identifying women at high risk for breast cancer. In conclusion, a model combining genetic and risk factors can be used for stratifying women by their breast cancer risk, which can be applied to individualizing genetic counseling and screening recommendations. ; The study was partially funded by the "Acción Transversal del Cancer" project, approved by the Spanish Council of Ministers on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773-Cantabria, PI09/01286-León, PI09/01903-Valencia, PI09/02078-Huelva, PI09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL (The ICGC CLL-Genome Project is funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Red Temática de Investigación del Cáncer (RTICC) del ISCIII (RD12/0036/0036)), by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (2009-S0143), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation and by the Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489.

A breast-risk score, published in 2016, was developed in white-American women using 92 genetic variants (GRS92), modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. With the aim of validating the score in the Spanish population, 1,732 breast cancer cases and 1,910 controls were studied. The GRS92, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor scores were estimated via logistic regression. SNPs without available genotyping were simulated as in the aforementioned 2016 study. The full model score was obtained by combining GRS92, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factor scores. Score performances were tested via the area under the ROC curve (AUROC), net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Compared with non-modifiable and modifiable factor scores, GRS92 had higher discrimination power (AUROC: 0.6195, 0.5885 and 0.5214, respectively). Adding the non-modifiable factor score to GRS92 improved patient classification by 23.6% (NRI = 0.236), while the modifiable factor score only improved it by 7.2%. The full model AUROC reached 0.6244. A simulation study showed the ability of the full model for identifying women at high risk for breast cancer. In conclusion, a model combining genetic and risk factors can be used for stratifying women by their breast cancer risk, which can be applied to individualizing genetic counseling and screening recommendations. ; The study was partially funded by the "Acción Transversal del Cancer" project, approved by the Spanish Council of Ministers on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PI09/00773-Cantabria, PI09/01286-León, PI09/01903-Valencia, PI09/02078-Huelva, PI09/01662-Granada, PI11/01403, PI11/01889-FEDER, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150, PI14/01219), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL (The ICGC CLL-Genome Project is funded by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Red Temática de Investigación del Cáncer (RTICC) del ISCIII (RD12/0036/0036)), by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (2009-S0143), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP_061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country, by the European Commission grants FOOD-CT-2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation and by the Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489. ; Sí

Prostate, breast and colorectal cancer are the most common tumours in Spain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between adherence to nutrition-based guidelines for cancer prevention and prostate, breast and colorectal cancer, in the MCC-Spain case-control study. A total of 1,718 colorectal, 1,343 breast and 864 prostate cancer cases and 3,431 population-based controls recruited between 2007 and 2012, were included in the present study. The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRC/AICR) score based on six recommendations for cancer prevention (on body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote weight gain, plant foods, animal foods and alcoholic drinks; score range 0-6) was constructed. We used unconditional logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders. One-point increment in the WCRF/AICR score was associated with 25% (95% CI 19-30%) lower risk of colorectal, and 15% (95% CI 7-22%) lower risk of breast cancer; no association with prostate cancer was detected, except for cases with a Gleason score ≥7 (poorly differentiated/undifferentiated tumours) (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). These results add to the wealth of evidence indicating that a great proportion of common cancer cases could be avoided by adopting healthy lifestyle habits. ; This study was supported by Acción Transversal del Cancer and Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER; Grant numbers: PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/ 00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150; Grant sponsor: Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla; Grant number: API 10/09; Grant sponsors: ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL and Junta de Castilla y León; Grant number: LE22A10-2; Grant sponsor: Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía; Grant number: PI-0571; Grant sponsor: Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana; Grant number: AP 061/10; Grant sponsor: Recercaixa; Grant number: 2010ACUP 00310; Grant sponsors: Regional Government of the Basque Country and European Commission; Grant number: FOOD-CT-2006–036224-HIWATE; Grant sponsors: Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation and The Catalan Government DURSI Grant; Grant number: 2009SGR1489; Grant sponsors: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain and European Regional Development Fund; Grant number: RYC-2011–08796

International audience ; Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.

International audience ; Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.

International audience ; Allergic diseases often occur early in life and persist throughout life. This life-course perspective should be considered in allergen immunotherapy. In particular it is essential to understand whether this al treatment may be used in old age adults. The current paper was developed by a working group of AIRWAYS integrated care pathways for airways diseases, the model of chronic respiratory diseases of the European Innovation Partnership on active and healthy ageing (DG CONNECT and DG Santé). It considered (1) the political background, (2) the rationale for allergen immunotherapy across the life cycle, (3) the unmet needs for the treatment, in particular in preschool children and old age adults, (4) the strategic framework and the practical approach to synergize current initiatives in allergen immunotherapy, its mechanisms and the concept of active and healthy ageing.