Drooping pesticides in winegrowing : professional practices, collective action and environmental standars ; Sortir des phytos en viticulture : pratiques professionnelles, action collective et normalisation environnementale
Pesticides used in agriculture are a known environmental problematic fact. Despite the involvement of agriculture and the contribution of significant public funding, agri-environmental public policies deployed for over 40 years struggle to achieve their goals, where sustainable production systems remain convincing but marginal. Faced with this context, designing and spreading alternative techniques to chemicals remains a challenge for government and professionals. From case of a professional project aiming at removing herbicides in the South West of France vineyards, this thesis proposes to re-examine, through the prism of a sociology that pay attention to action (less than actors), the innovation capacity of agriculture and the responsiveness of public authorities about agri-environment, focusing on the analysis of professional collective action as a way of regulating environmental public issues, and considering its development out, in parallel, upstream or below established public policies offer. The research shows that in such conditions, objects, mobiles and collectives comprised by environmental action are heterogeneous, ambiguous, variable and flexible, throughout their discussions. Plurality and change situations emphasize as much unpredictability of collective action that impossibility of standardization, that are likely to call (on the contrary) differentiated institutional responses to the same environmental problem. ; Les pesticides utilisés en agriculture posent aujourd'hui des problèmes avérés sur le plan sanitaire et environnemental. Malgré l'implication du monde agricole et l'apport de financements publics significatifs, les politiques publiques déployées depuis 40 ans en matière d'agri-environnement peinent à atteindre leurs objectifs, là où les systèmes de production durables développés en réaction au modèle productiviste s'avèrent probants mais marginaux. La transition vers des systèmes de production plus respectueux de l'environnement demeure ainsi un défi pour les pouvoirs publics et ...