Search results

Purpose/Context. This article analyzes the different factors that have affected access to vaccines for the prevention of SARS-COV2 infection, paying particular attention to the interests involved in the negotiations. An analysis of the processes of vaccine research, production, procurement, distribution, and marketing is detailed, as well as the international ethical standards that guide these practices. Methodology/Approach. Similarly, a framework of scientific, methodological, ethical and legal exceptions for research, production and commercialization of vaccines is identified, while the norms imposed by the global market system regarding intellectual property protection (TRIPS), negotiations and contracts, defense of private and corporate interests have been maintained and deepened without exceptions. It also highlights the role played by the richest countries, accumulating more doses than necessary, which seriously impacted the access of low-income countries. Results/Findings. The international ethical norms and agreements made by governments that should limit conducts such as these and avoid their consequences and that have not been complied with are analyzed. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions. It concludes with a concrete proposal that could alleviate the current situation and includes a reflection on the impact on the life and health of the most vulnerable countries and groups, if the international order continues to be governed by the global market system instead of a new, fairer global pact. ; Propósito/Contexto. En este artículo se analizan los distintos factores que han afectado el acceso a las vacunas para la prevención de la infección por SARS-COV2 poniendo particular atención a los intereses que atraviesan las negociaciones. Se detalla un análisis de los procesos de investigación, producción, contratación, distribución y comercialización de vacunas, así como las normas éticas internacionales que orientan estas prácticas. Metodología/Enfoque. De igual modo, se identifican un marco de excepciones ...

Màster de Direcció d'Entitats Asseguradores i Financeres, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Curs: 2006-2007, Tutor: Antoni Vidiella ; Las entidades aseguradoras, debido a las modificaciones normativas, deberán establecer unas directrices escritas sobre su sistema de control interno, basado en la gestión y control de riesgos. Además deberán elaborar anualmente un informe sobre la efectividad de los procedimientos de control interno. Este trabajo trata de crear una guía que ayude a las entidades de seguros a implementar un sistema de control interno, que permita la identificación de los riesgos de la entidad y sea de apoyo para la realización del informe anual. La estructura de la tesis comienza con una ilustración de los cambios legislativos, luego se detallan una serie de principios imprescindibles para un sistema de control interno y se definen los riesgos de una compañía de vida, cómo cuantificarlos según el proyecto de Solvencia II y las medidas que se pueden adoptar para controlarlos.

Ausgehend von den sozialen Veränderungen in Spanien seit 1975, die besonderen Einfluß auf die soziale Sicherung der Frau und ihre gesellschaftliche Stellung haben, wird in dem Beitrag das Problem untersucht, das in Spanien als Krise und allmähliche Aushöhlung der Familie bezeichnet wird. Mit einem Blick auf die bedeutsamen demographischen Indikatoren wird eine statistische Grundlage für die Argumentation geschaffen. Die rechtliche Gleichstellung der Frau in Spanien wird betrachtet. Die Verbesserung der rechtlichen Situation durch den Demokratisierungsprozeß wird dargestellt. Dann wird die dem Gleichheitsgrundsatz der neuen Verfassung von 1978 bislang nicht angepaßte Sozialgesetzgebung wird analysiert. Es werden einige Problembereiche angesprochen, die eine eklatante Unterversorgung zeigen oder direkt gegen das Gleichheitsprinzip verstoßen: die Unterversorgung der arbeitslosen Frauen; die soziale Sicherung bei Ehescheidung; die mangelhafte Absicherung bei Mutterschaft; die Witwenrente; die Altersrente; Sozialhilfe. Mit der Darstellung dieser für die Situation der Frauen besonders relevanten Phänomene im System der sozialen Sicherung wird gezeigt, daß und wo das spanische System der sozialen Sicherung nach wir vor reformbedürftig ist, um die geschlechtsspezifischen Nachteile für die Frauen zu überwinden. (RW)

In this work we present two parallel algorithms for the solution of a given least squares problem with structured matrices. This problem arises in many applications most related to digital signal processing, an example is given. Both parallel algorithms have been designed to speed–up the sequential one in a heterogeneous network of computers. They differ from the approximation followed to implement parallel algorithms on heterogeneous networks of computers known as HeHo and HoHe strategies. However, our study goes beyond the practical usefulness of our heterogeneous parallel application. One one hand, the results obtained validates the recent developed HeteroMPI as a very useful tool for programming heterogeneous parallel algorithms. On the other hand, although HeteroMPI has initially been designed to apply the HeHo strategy, we propose a way this tool can be used in the HoHe strategy. Pros and cons of the use of HeteroMPI for both strategies will be deeply study through the application example. ; Spanish Government

Tesis del Master en Dirección de Entidades Aseguradoras y Financieras. Tutor : Antonio M. Reina Vidal. Curso 2012-2013 ; Sumario: Introducción -- Indicadores macroeconómicos relevantes -- situación económica actual -- Solvencia II -- La cuantificación de los riesgos en Solvencia II -- El riesgo de mercado en Solvencia II -- Los inversores en las entidades aseguradoras españolas -- Las consecuencias del riesgo de mercado -- Conclusiones

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze three different forms of benefit systems and the effects of their application on Spanish firms' attraction and retention capacity, differentiating these systems depending on the flexibility offered to the workers.Design/methodology/approach– The data of this study have been collected from a sample of 308 human resources managers in Spanish firms, through an online questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested by ordinary least squares regression analyses.Findings– The results show that firms having more flexible compensation systems, that is, those providing greater freedom to workers in the election of their benefits and the design of the benefit system, reported to have a higher attraction and retention capacity than firms offering to their employees a unique and similar benefit package for all the employees.Research limitations/implications– Future studies could extent this study by analyzing different contexts in order to determine whether some institutional factors can influence these results. Similarly, it would be interesting to analyze the effects of these systems on other organizational outcomes, such as their financial performance.Practical implications– Human resources policies and, especially, compensation policies have a significant influence on the ability of firms to recruit and retain core employees, necessary for corporate success. This study sheds light on the effectiveness of different benefits systems in enhancing the firms' capacities to attract and retain core employees. Taking into account the hard financial and labor environment that the Spanish firms have to face, the results of this study can have important implications for managers.Originality/value– This paper responds to recent calls asking for the necessity of analyzing the effect of different benefit systems in contexts different to the broadly considered American context. Similarly, these results could be applied to other countries with conditions similar to Spain, that is, countries where the benefit systems have been traditionally less flexible and with an offer of benefits quite different than firms located in countries where the State offers a less-social assistance to citizens.