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AbstractThis study examines how eco‐innovations activities are disclosed within sustainability reporting of European large companies and provides one of the first studies on the intersection of both fields. To achieve such goal, the research was carried out based on the qualitative content analysis of the sustainability reports of the European companies selected on their ranking of research and development expenditure and Dow Jones Sustainability Index. We investigated if and how eco‐innovations activities were contemplated and communicated. The findings show a generalized lack of direct reference to the term eco‐innovation. Analysis of the reports showed that companies disclosed information on different types of eco‐innovation, albeit not referring to them explicitly as eco‐innovations. Benefits of using eco‐innovation mentioning in sustainable reports are also discussed and guidelines are given how to report on eco‐innovation in such documents.

Regrettably, we announce the sudden death of Prof. Dr. Hannes Haas (aged 57), after a brief illness on March 20th, 2014. Hannes Haas, Editor-in-Chief of Media and Communication, was a Professor at the Institute of Communication Research at the University of Vienna and, alongside a throng of other roles, he served as head of the Institute from 2006-2010.

Intro -- MOUNTAINS: GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS -- MOUNTAINS: GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: REVISITING MOUNTAIN AREAS -- ABSTRACT -- MOUNTAIN AREAS IN THE GLOBAL AGENDA: IMPORTANCE AND RAISING AWARENESS -- CONCEPTUALIZING MOUNTAIN AREAS -- EUROPEAN MOUNTAIN AREAS -- PORTUGAL'S MOUNTAIN AREAS -- DEFENDING THE MOUNTAIN AGENDA: TURNING SPECIFICITIES INTO STRENGTHS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2: THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING FOR ANALYZING GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN MOUNTAINS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- REMOTE SENSING DATA AND METHODS -- THE AREA OF INTEREST -- ANALYZING GEOLOGY BASED ON REMOTE SENSING DATA -- ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN MOUNTAINS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3: SIERRA NEVADA RANGE, THE BIODIVERSITY LEGACY OF THE SOUTHERNMOST EUROPEAN GLACIATED MOUNTAIN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SIERRA NEVADA: THE SOUTHERNMOST GLACIER IN EUROPE -- CHARACTERISTICS OF SIERRA NEVADA HIGH-MOUNTAIN LAKES -- HOLOCENE VEGETATION AND CLIMATE IN SIERRA NEVADA -- THE ORIGIN OF SIERRA NEVADA PLANT BIODIVERSITY -- CURRENT VEGETATION OF THE SIERRA NEVADA -- LIKELY DYNAMICS OF SCOTS PINE AT ITS SOUTHERNMOSTRANGE LIMIT (SIERRA NEVADA) IN THE SOUTHERN IBERIANPENINSULA UNDER A GLOBAL-CHANGE SCENARIO -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4: CLIMATE OR TOPOGRAPHY: TOPOGRAPHYOF MOUNTAINS AS BASIS OF MODERN GLACIERVARIATIONS, EXEMPLIFIED BY 6500 UP TO 8000MHIGH SUMMITS IN HIGH ASIA - EVIDENCESOF HOLOCENE AND HISTORY AS WELLAS CURRENT GLACIAL STAGES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION: TOPOGRAPHY AND GLACIERS AS WELL AS GLACIERS AND CLIMATE -- 2. THE EMPIRICAL EXAMPLES OF HIGH LARGE MOUNTAINS AS GLACIER NOURISHING AREAS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE REGIONS OF HIGH ASIA.

On the nights of 25 and 26 November 1967, heavy rains swept over the area of Lisbon (Lisboa, Loures, Odivelas, Vila Franca de Xira and Alenquer), with flooding causing a high number of deaths, thousands of homeless and countless homes destroyed. Despite the impacts originated the episode remains poorly evoked. The theoretical and academic approaches to the subject have focused more on the weather phenomenon and the effects produced in the territory and less on the social consequences and the observation of the impacts of a political nature. Based on consultation and analysis of hundreds of documentary sources, we have tried to document some social and political events that marked the post-flood crisis in 1967 in the Lisbon region. ; Na noite de 25 para 26 de Novembro de 1967, chuvas intensas abateram-se sobre a área da Grande Lisboa (Lisboa, Loures, Odivelas, Vila Franca de Xira e Alenquer), com as inundações a causarem um elevado número de mortos, milhares de desalojados e inúmeras habitações destruídas. Apesar dos impactos impressionantes então originados, o episódio permanece pouco evocado. As abordagens teóricas e académicas ao assunto têm mais em conta o fenómeno meteorológico e os efeitos produzidos no território e menos as consequências sociais e a observação dos impactos de natureza política. Com base na consulta e análise de centenas de fontes documentais, tentamos reconstituir alguns episódios sociais e políticos que marcaram o pós-crise das inundações de 1967, na região de Lisboa.

The main goal of this study is to analyse the most important causes affecting fire ignitions in Portugal mainland, between 1996 and 2010. The forest fire database was provided by the Portuguese Government Forest Services (National Forest Authority, AFN), that group the causes in six main categories (negligent usage of fire, accidental, structural causes, incendiary, natural and unknown). The analysis of the causes of the forest fires ignitions shows that the greatest part was not investigated (84%), whilst the knowledge of cause only occurred in 8% of fires. At national level, the results show that incendiary and the negligent usage of the fire are the most important motivations behind forest fires, with almost 40% of the identified causes. At regional scale, fires caused by negligence seems to be more common in the north due to traditional agricultural practices such as pasture renewal, the burning of agricultural and forest debris and hunting practices. In the Alentejo, accidental causes mainly associated with crop harvesting machinery, were the primary reason for the outbreak of forest fires. ; El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar las causas más importantes que afectan a las igniciones de incendios forestales en Portugal continental, entre 1996 y 2010. La base de datos de incendios fue proporcionada por los Servicios Forestales del Gobierno portugués (Autoridad Forestal Nacional, AFN), que agrupa las causas en seis categorías principales (uso negligente del fuego, accidentales, causas estructurales, incendiarismo, natural y desconocido). El análisis de las causas de ignición de los incendios forestales muestra que su mayor parte no ha sido investigada (84%), mientras que el conocimiento de la causa concreta sólo ocurrió en el 8% de los incendios. A nivel nacional, los resultados muestran que el incendiarismo y el uso negligente del fuego son las motivaciones más importantes, con casi el 40% de las causas identificadas. A escala regional, los incendios causados por negligencia parecen ser la causa ...

In recent decades, in several parts of the world and under extreme weather conditions, we have witnessed the occurrence of numerous large-scale wildfires. This reality has also occurred in Portugal, burning thousands of hectares of forest, destroying infrastructures, and causing the regrettable loss of human lives. In view of this worsening panorama, we proceeded to the cartography of lLarge Forest Fires (LFF) in northwestern Portugal (larger than 100 hectares), in the period from 2001 to 2020, from the analysis of Landsat images and using Machine Learning tools and the Random Forest algorithm, in Google Earth Engine work environment. Based on the results obtained, an attempt is made to understand the LFF context in northwestern Portugal, as well as to analyse its spatial distribution and temporal evolution in the period under analysis. The conclusion is that about 158.741 ha burnt at least once and 40.9% of this area was affected by LFF a second time. The year of 2005 recorded the highest value of burnt area (73,025.1 ha). And the maximum recurrence observed, in the study area, was 7 occurrences, with a maximum recurrence of 6 times. The brush is the type of vegetation, in NUTS Ave, Alto Minho and Tâmega and Sousa, which presents more burnt area in LFF, while in Cávado, it is the forests that present the most extensive area covered by LFF. Thus, in 15 years for the study area, the most significant proportion of burnt vegetation corresponds to brush, being only in 5 years, forests were the class of the larger burnt area. In the current context of global changes and with large forest fires increasing in frequency, extent and intensity, its study and its temporal and spatial understanding are crucial, both at the regional and national scales.

Nas últimas décadas temos assistido à ocorrência, em várias partes do mundo e sob condições meteorológicas extremas, de inúmeros incêndios florestais de grandes dimensões. Esta realidade também se tem verificado, em Portugal, queimando milhares de hectares de floresta, destruindo infraestruturas e provocando a lamentável perda de vidas humanas. Diante deste panorama que se vem agravando, procedemos à cartografia dos grandes incêndios florestais (GIFs) no noroeste português (superiores a 100 hectares), no período de 2001 a 2020, a partir da análise das imagens Landsat e com recurso a ferramentas de Machine Learning e o algoritmo Random Forest, em ambiente de trabalho Google Earth Engine. Com base nos resultados obtidos procura-se compreender o contexto dos GIF no noroeste de Portugal, bem como analisar a sua repartição espacial e a sua evolução temporal no período –referido. Conclui-se que 158.741 ha arderam pelo menos uma vez e 40,9% dessa área foi afetada por GIF uma segunda vez. O ano de 2005 registou o maior valor de área ardida (73.025,1 ha) e a recorrência máxima observada, na área de estudo, foi de 7 ocorrências, o que corresponde a uma recorrência máxima de 6 vezes. O mato é o tipo de vegetação, nas NUTs Ave, Alto Minho e Tâmega e Sousa, que apresenta mais área ardida em GIFs, enquanto no Cávado, são as florestas que apresentam a área percorridas por GIFs mais extensa. Assim, na área de estudo, em 15 anos, a maior proporção de vegetação ardida corresponde ao mato, sendo que, apenas em 5, desses 15 anos, as florestas foram a classe de maior área ardida. No atual contexto de mudanças globais e com os grandes incêndios florestais a aumentar em frequência, extensão e intensidade, é crucial o seu estudo e a sua compreensão temporal e espacial, quer à escala regional, quer à escala nacional.