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Today in heritage studies memory looms larger than ever, there are memory parks, memory politics, and memory wars, there is discussion of 'dissonant', 'dark', and 'difficult' heritage linked to memories of traumatic past events. But what to we mean when we use the word 'memory' in the field of heritage? How is the divide between its social and individual realms bridged? This article theorizes the intimate relationship between heritage and memory by focusing on three areas. First, it maps out the vocabulary that has emerged from the heritage-memory dyad including how notions of collective memory and lieux de mémoire have been used, and occasionally misused, as well as the metaphors employed in the process. Second, the emergence of memory studies is considered, providing a brief overview of its foundations as well as assessing how it differs from, overlaps with, and contributes to heritage research. A third section offers a brief review of recent developments in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology relating to memory and how this might inform heritage studies. The concluding discussion provides a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical contribution of memory research to furthering out understanding of cultural heritage and proposes directions for future work on the area of confluence between the two. ; The work leading up to this paper and its writing was carried out as part of research project made possible by a British Academy Post-doctoral Fellowship (2011-2014) for which the author is ever grateful.

Today in heritage studies memory looms larger than ever, there are memory parks, memory politics, and memory wars, there is discussion of 'dissonant', 'dark', and 'difficult' heritage linked to memories of traumatic past events. But what to we mean when we use the word 'memory' in the field of heritage? How is the divide between its social and individual realms bridged? This article theorizes the intimate relationship between heritage and memory by focusing on three areas. First, it maps out the vocabulary that has emerged from the heritage-memory dyad including how notions of collective memory and lieux de mémoire have been used, and occasionally misused, as well as the metaphors employed in the process. Second, the emergence of memory studies is considered, providing a brief overview of its foundations as well as assessing how it differs from, overlaps with, and contributes to heritage research. A third section offers a brief review of recent developments in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology relating to memory and how this might inform heritage studies. The concluding discussion provides a synthesis of the theoretical and empirical contribution of memory research to furthering out understanding of cultural heritage and proposes directions for future work on the area of confluence between the two. ; La memoria impregna hoy como nunca antes los estudios del patrimonio. Hay parques, políticas y guerras de la memoria. Se habla de un patrimonio "disonante", "oscuro" o "difícil" vinculado al recuerdo de pasados sucesos traumáticos. Pero, ¿a qué nos referimos cuando usamos la palabra "memoria" en el campo del patrimonio? ¿Cómo se cruza el abismo que separa sus dimensiones social e individual? Este artículo teoriza sobre la íntima relación entre patrimonio y memoria, centrándose en tres áreas. La primera cartografía el vocabulario generado por la díada patrimonio-memoria, incluido el uso —y a veces el abuso— que se ha hecho de las nociones de memoria colectiva y lieux de mémoire, así como las metáforas empleadas en ese proceso. La segunda aborda la aparición de los estudios de la memoria, ofreciendo una breve panorámica de sus fundamentos y evaluando en qué se diferencian, se complementan o contribuyen a la investigación sobre el patrimonio. Y por último se revisan brevemente los últimos avances de la psicología cognitiva, la neurociencia y la biología evolucionista relacionados con la memoria y su posible influencia en los estudios del patrimonio. En la conclusión final se sintetiza la contribución teórica y empírica de la investigación de la memoria a una mayor comprensión del patrimonio cultural y se indican vías para el trabajo futuro sobre la esfera de confluencia entre los dos.

"The reconstruction of society after conflict is complex and multifaceted. This book investigates this theme as it relates to cultural heritage through a number of case studies relating to European wars since 1864. The case studies show in detail how buildings, landscapes, and monuments become important agents in postconflict reconstruction, as well as how their meanings change and how they become sites of competition over historical narratives and claims. Looking at iconic and lesser-known sites, this book connects broad theoretical discussions of reconstruction and memorialization to specific physical places, and in the process it traces shifts in their meanings over time. This book identifies common threads and investigates their wider implications. It explores the relationship between cultural heritage and international conflict, paying close attention to the long aftermaths of acts of destruction and reconstruction and making important contributions through the use of new empirical evidence and critical theory. Marie Louise Stig Sorensen is a Reader in Archaeology at the University of Cambridge and Professor of Bronze Age Studies at Leiden University. She coordinates the University of Cambridge's postgraduate degree program in archaeological heritage and museums, one of the first degree courses in this field"--Provided by publisher

Armed conflict has traditionally seen the targeting and destruction of cultural property and heritage from antiquity to modern conflicts in Syria. Despite the cultural connection between such objects and traditions with people, international law has concentrated on its preservation, prosecution and punishment, rather than reparations for the loss or damage. This article highlights the growing jurisprudence and state practice which suggests a need to rethink this traditional approach and develop a framework for ensuring reparations for damage and destruction caused to cultural property and heritage. This is not only to undo the harm as far as possible, but to ensure the legacy of such culture for future generations. We take a socio-legal approach to these issues drawing from our backgrounds in transitional justice, archaeology and law, to suggest a thicker and contextually relevant approach to reparations, appreciating the reproduction or rehabilitation of culture carries its own meaning and post-conflict societies often convey the violence of the past into the meta-conflict in law and politics of the present. That said, we argue that reparations can play an important role, drawing from human rights law and heritage studies, to remedy the loss to cultural heritage that can more effectively benefit such victims.

1. Introduction. Memorials and memorialisation – history, forms and affects; Marie Louise Stig Sørensen and Dacia Viejo Rose -- 2. Commemorations of the Madrid train bombings of 11 March 2004: Grassroots Memorials, Official Memorials and Conflictive Performances; Cristina Sánchez-Carretero and Gérôme Truc -- 3. Myths of Salvation and Struggle: Contesting a Secular Pilgrimage in Cyprus; Rebecca Bryant and Mete Hatay -- 4. Heritagization of the Gulag: A Case Study from the Solovetsky Islands; Margaret Comer -- 5. Srebrenica Memorial Centre and Commemorative Practices; Dzenan Sahovic -- 6. Conflicted memorials and the need to look forward. The interplay between remembering and forgetting in Mostar and on the Kosovo Field; Gustav Wollentz -- 7. The Dudik Memorial Complex: Commemoration and Changing Regimes in the Contested City of Vukovar; Britt Baillie -- 8. From'memorial combine' to a 'place of learning'. The Heide¬friedhof cemetery in Dresden as an arena for competing cultures of memory; Matthias Neutzner -- 9. The Isted Lion – from memorial of war to monument of friendship; Inge Adriansen.

If a revolution is taken to be a decisive break with the past, how can there be a heritage of revolution? Conversely, how does any revolution affect tangible and intangible heritage, as well as shifting conceptions of heritage? In this introduction to four papers dedicated to the theme of 'Heritage and Revolution', we provide an overview of changing conceptualizations of both ideas and how they have shaped each other since the French Revolution first radically changed both. This special section's papers developed from the 2017 Annual Seminar of the Cambridge Heritage Research Group. 2017, as the centenary of the February and October Russian Revolutions, provided a global opportunity for reflection on these themes and for analysis of how contemporary heritagization of revolution (or lack thereof) molds and is molded by a society¿s conception of itself and its past. At at time of shifting political and heritage paradigms worldwide, this topic remains timely and fascinating. This work was supported by the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research [grant number JCNM.GFAC]